Essay On School Shootings - 1066 Words

WHAT ARE SCHOOL RAMPAGE SHOOTINGS School rampage shootings, also referred to as mass school shootings, involve one or a small number of perpetrators whose goal is to inflict as much harm as possible on as many people as possible within a school setting. It is a violent act. There is a distinction made between violence and aggression on the continuum of severity . As noted by Bushman and Huesmann (2010), while aggression is an intent to harm another person who does not want to be harmed, violence is aggression with the goal of extreme physical harm which would be severe injury or death. Using this frame of reference, mass shootings in schools are clearly acts of violence whereas school bullying, and depending on the context, school†¦show more content†¦Rocque (2012) reports on research by Peter Langman (2009) who developed three personality typologies for rampage shooters: psychopathic shooters, psychotic shooters, and traumatized shooters. Psychopathic shooters feel no emotional connection to others and lack empathy, as well as the ability to feel guilt or remorse. The shootings might be carried out as revenge against a real or perceived slight or injustice in a cold and detached manner. Psychotic shooters, on the other hand, cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy. They likely have a more severe mental disorder. As an example, they might engage in a mass shooting, because it conveys a secret message to a celebrity love, or they may believe it is their responsibility to respond to what God has told them.(might want to make this a little more clear such as â€Å"they may feel they must respond to a higher powers command to kill.† Finally, traumatized shooters have typically experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. The trauma has disrupted their ability to develop coping skills to deal with strong emotions. Due to the abusive experience, they may not feel that there are adults they can trust. Jonathan Fast (2008) believes that rampage shootings are attempts to gain status and attention. Part of this need to be the center of attention is played out by the final dramatic act of suicide (Fast, 2008). FoxShow MoreRelatedSchool Shooting Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesResearch in school shootings have been administered in many categories, including sociology, psychology, and etc.  past studies, and direct later studies in school shootings, offers a sociology stand point for understanding the differences of school shooting incidents, including rampage shootings, mass murders shootings, and examining the mass media dynamic of school shootings; as well as presenting a combination of causes said in the research, including those on the individual, community, and socialRead MoreArgumentative Essay On School Shootings898 Words   |  4 PagesThere has been an average of one school shooting every week in America since the Sandy Hook shooting. On the fourteenth of December, 2012, in Newtown, Connecticut, 20-year-old Adam Lanza not only killed his mother in her home, but also twenty children and six members of staff at the Sandy Hook Elementary School. This was to be the third deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history. The Huffington Post reports that as of 2014, there have been over 200 school shootings. These have resulted in at least 94Read More School Shootings in America Essays5717 Words   |  23 PagesConnecticut, Georgia, Colorado, Virginia, Oregon, Michigan, and Tennessee are the sites in which some of the most viscous school crimes have occurred. In this day and age it seems as if school isnt a safe haven for Americas children anymore. School shootings are on the rise more than ever in todays society with kids as young as 9 years old committing these gruesome crimes against their classmates and instructors. To see this type of action among kids is heartbreaking and sad. People wonderRead MoreSchool Shootings in America Essay1808 Words   |  8 Page sThe school shootings at Westside Middle School were orchestrated by two juveniles. On Monday, March 30, 1998 two boys ambushed students and teachers outside Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Andrew Golden a youth of 11 years and Mitchell Johnson who was 13 years old were responsible for this hideous tragedy. Apparently, Mitchell Johnson hid in the woods while Andrew set off the fire alarm causing the students and teachers to run out of the building. Armed with three stolen rifles andRead MoreSchool Shootings in America Essay2422 Words   |  10 Pagesdead and 23 wounded in a High School, Four girls and a teacher are shot to death and 10 people wounded during a false alarm in school†¦Those were the headlines of all newspapers at one time or another. High School shootings have been occurring throughout the United States. Why is it that a student would come into their school and open fire? Why is it that no one notices the signs before the incident? How is it possib le that they were able to bring the firearm into the school? Those are some questionsRead MoreEssay on A Matter of Safety: School Shootings698 Words   |  3 Pages Thirteen people were killed at Columbine High School in 1999, thirty-three died during the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007, and twenty-seven people, twenty of whom were children no older than seven, were killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 (Kirk). These name only a few of the larger and most well-known school shooting incidences. In total, 297 people have lost their lives due to school-based shootings since 1980 (Kirk). Although this number may be small in comparison to death by guns overallRead MorePreventing Mass School Shootings Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to solve the problem of violence in schools, we must first find out who the problem is. Being that not every teenager is prone to participate in such violent acts as what happened at Columbine, there must be specific environment imposed on a particular biology to turn a teenager into an Eric Harris or a Dylan Klebold. These are not normal, healthy teenagers, and they don’t just become killers overnight. They become killers because they are already deeply disturbed individuals who canRead MoreThe Parents Role in School Shootings Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesWhen children commit a horrible act such as a school shooting their parents often look for someone or something to blame rather than looking at what role they, as parents, may have had in the tragedy. The often targeted entertainers, video game developers, teachers, drug companies, and writers are rarely, if ever, responsible for such tragic outcomes and, unfortunately, often become victims as a result of lawsuits filed in an attempt to place blame on them. The parents of dangerous children mustRead More School Shootings and Gun Laws Essay935 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine your child was nearing high school graduation with their whole life ahead of them. Next year, they will be going to college and you will see them bloom into the wonderful person you know they are. Now imagine the horror of hearing that your child had been shot and killed while they were at school. It is difficult to fathom the enormous amount of grief and anger that would flood the body of a person in a situation like this. No one should have to endure such pain. Now imagine how muchRead MoreMass School Shootings in America Essay896 Words   |  4 Pagesmany school shootings occurring nationwide. It is not unusual to hear about these shootings on television or on the radio. This issue has greatly impacted the lives of young people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If you turn on you television and look at the destruction caused from a flood or an earthquake, you may think, quot;oh, another one.quot; Although it may shock you to see the pain and suffering of the victims, it is going to happen. Is that the way we have to look at school shootings? It

Spin-off companies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2288 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Education Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Entrepreneurship and Innovation in spin-off companies Introduction The materialization of todays entrepreneurial universities is associated with the perceived increase on importance of skills/knowledge in regional and national innovation systems, as well as the belief that university is an instrument for creative innovation and technology and knowledge transfer. Modern universities have a paramount role in adding value to the USOs (University Spin-outs) in a bid to realize entrepreneur cultural among academia. There is dire need to involve greater participation as well as entrepreneur training among students focused in academic research commercialization (Etzkowitz et al, 2000). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Spin-off companies" essay for you Create order Required funding as well as intensive research culture among Universities has worked out to build young entrepreneurs across U.S, Europe and UK. Driven by the quest for meeting market technological as well as innovation need, Universities have some resource endowed universities have concentrated in creating entrepreneurship opportunity through research-based activities. In order to realize effective entrepreneurship culture, early intervention in the growth and development stages of spin-offs would act to alter the attitude associated with modern university capacity in building techno-entrepreneurs. University practitioners have a duty in developing vital technology skills in assisting students comprehend market trends and after-sought commercial proposition in order to be informed entrepreneurs. Involvement of universities in developing spin-offs Entrepreneurship is founded on the education capability and the industrial related competence that the entrepreneur posses through higher education training. These two basic blocks are developed in institutions of higher learning, usually the universities. University academia creates university spin-off companies. Spin-offs companies may be described as the new; initially minute and technology/knowledge intensive ventures whose intellectual capital and subsequent involvement is traced from research work in a university or a public research institution (Vohora et al, 2003). The researches subsequently running such companies could be continuing students or those who just quit. Any company requires a productive base and/or a commercial base for its operations. Productive base includes all companys physical amenities while commercial base provides the legal and marketing competence that support partnerships and collaborations. As entrepreneurs, university academia need a variety of resources that depend on the entrepreneurial activity selected as well as the already accumulated resources, including experience, contacts and the prior knowledge. These resources determine the manner in which the spin-offs reach their market with the innovations (Leydesdorff Etzkowitz, 2000). Some Universities and research institutions usually miss out in preparing entrepreneurs as compared to other community institutions. Indeed, there is disparity across these institutions in the quality, strength and quantity of spin-offs they produce. Most scientists and academia at large lack in the business background as well as the investment capital necessary to cater for expenditure incurred in the lengthy enterprise development. The disconnect between innovation and target market The academia seems detached with the target market though rich in innovativeness. For them, their niche market is the provision of consultancy or research services. Such an undertaking is close to scientific-entrepreneur work in academic and is unlikely to have a base on patents or to significantly demand technology development. In contrast, a production base requires capital investment which is lacking in the scientists experience. A research on Cambridge University and its research centers spin-offs based in high-tech firms showed a decreasing trend in the number of founders of such companies from a twenty five percent in 1985 to seventeen percent in barely fifteen years. Following this alarming research findings, the academic staff were to have outside involvements as long as such commitments were geared towards advancement of the teaching, research and scholarship of the university. The commitments undertaken included business creation and private consultancy. The university never provided entrepreneurship support but its Laissez fair orientation to technology transfer coupled with the lack of formal policy allowed academic investors to take their technologies into the market. The university would then possess the intellectual property rights (IPR), share loyalties when such innovations were diffused into the market. Cambridge University went ahead to take equity stake in the spin-off companies. The intentional avoidance of a deliberate structured policy that would govern the university with industry did create a favourable environment that was perceived as flexible and lacking in bureaucracy. Industrial links prospered and there was a spontaneous creativity of research. The alarming trend changed such that for the past twenty years, spin-offs from Cambridge University increased indicating improvement of the entrepreneurship environment. The approach differed from other universities in many European countries that regulated involvement of scientists wi th outside work in efforts to avoid conflicts of interests that would arise and to ensure total commitment to core activities (De Coster Butler, 2005). Engagement with the industry and participation in entrepreneurial activities develops the relevant experience and knowledge in academic investors and as such an improvement of perception of opportunities. The participation also clarifies resource configuration strategies in pursuance of newly or refined perceived opportunities. Targeting of the niche market is therefore indispensable in capturing returns. This is only possible if the academia engages in practical business practices within the target market (Druilhe Garnsey, 2004). Accounts for universitys spin-off differences The cross university differences being experienced in production of entrepreneurs can be attributed to poor practices that some universities ascribe to. First, although such universities posses well developed technologies there little or even no intensive reach undertakings to underpin market as well as entrepreneur commercialization need. There is a lack of commercial expertise within such universities to overcome the deficiencies so as to develop fundable opportunities. Second, such universities do restrict networks amongst academia that would necessitate availability of finances. Third, the entrepreneur students are taught to attune to the challenges in accessing resources, their acquisition as well as the coordination of the allocation of such resources (Vohora et al, 2003). This kind of training is wanting in hands-on experience on the industrial trends as well as the target market. As a result, the academia in such institutions possess significant technology expertise but hol d inadequate knowledge in serving markets and has unrealistic expectations of returns that could possibly accrue from their discovered technologies. The said universities also fail to allocate sufficient resources towards entrepreneurial activities in addition to failing to develop deep networks of external factors such as financiers and surrogate entrepreneurs as well as the industry at large. The policies and guidelines for relating with such external relationships have been neglected. Moreover, these institutions expose their potential entrepreneurs to extended years of scientific know-how but offer little training in entrepreneurship and business. Basically this approach aims at creating entrepreneurship competency level, which is usually lowly rated entrepreneurship factors. This results to learners being restricted to the university environment instead of presenting them to the customers so that the process of marketing would kick off (Druilhe Garnsey, 2004). The differ ence that arises in the universities and research institutions spin-offs can be attributed to four factors. First, the Perceived protection on Intellectual property right on special design or artistic works. Universities that properly integrate commercialization and academia emphasize on protecting the competitive advantage by their spin-offs. The emphasis can be attributed to universitys need to protect its intellectual property (Ko Smith, 2006). Such a property is rewarded with equity stake in the formed company. Second, the employment of professionals in the spin-offs determines the strength of the spin-offs. There is dire need to have an experienced team in the running of the new company. Such a team should possess a repertoire of experience that is grounded on a formal educational training. This ensures a realistic projection and understanding of the business environment and more specifically the trends in the target market. A professional team also understands the concept of delegation so that it not everything is left to the subordinates in avoidance of work. Third, the product innovation distinguishes between a stable and non-stable spin-off. The dynamism in technology dictates that a companys product undergoes changes so as to fit in the market. Technological changes will sometimes dictate a complete overhaul of a product so that it can be of use by others in the market. For example, a change in the raw materials dictates a change in the production plant. The other factor is the market driven strategies. A company must properly study the market trends so as to cope up with the market demands. The strategies adopted must among other things be appealing to the clients, defeat the competitors strategies and influence the acquisition of the desired market share. The strategy must however be within the reach of the companys resources. It is marketing that informs the target market of the existence of a technology for use. In many instances, marketing h as been considered more important than product innovation. It is possible to influence the market and sustain or increase a market share without necessarily increasing a products innovations. In comparison with other community business enterprises the achievement of spin-off companies were rated in the following decreasing order; protection of IPR, employment of professionals, product innovation, market driven strategies (De Coster Butler, 2005). From this order, it is clear that spin-off companies do not put much emphasis on the target market. They highly concentrate on maintaining their competitive advantage elements which, though important, may not translate to returns. More emphasis on maintenance of competitive advantage by protection of IPR ensures survival of a company for a longer period of time. However this would only be varied if the IPR are so distinctive such that the competitors cant produce substitutes. Commercialization of innovations All institutions attempting to produce entrepreneurs must commit themselves to four strategies. First, the institutions must influence availability of venture capital around the university area. This will be achieved by encouraging financier relationships. The students should also not be restricted to the institution environment, but rather oriented to adopt dynamic technological-based skills vital in either regional or even national development levels (Vohora et al, 2003). Secondly, the institutions should adopt a commercial orientation. This can be achieved by the institutions funding commercially oriented researches. This should however not disable the technological researches. Thirdly, institutions should create and maintain intellectual eminence. Quality researchers are highly likely to use their innovation capabilities in starting firms than lesser quality researchers. On average, high quality researchers can only be found in those institutions that are more eminent. Institut ions should therefore work towards their reputation and prestigiousness. Prestigious institutions can easily get funds for commercial research in form of gifts, and perhaps donations from development partners. Finally, research institutions should develop clear policies that allow technology transfers. It is only such a move that the graduates and the general academia staff can have a hands-on experience in the commercial sector. Issues of sharing of loyalties for IPR should be properly spelt out. The institutions share of loyalties of IPR should be moderate so that the spin-offs get substantial revenue in utilizing the IPR. The institution should also have policies that enhance availability of venture capital funds from internal sources. Furthermore, the institution should be willing to have a share of equity stake with the technology licensing offices. Such a practice displays the important role that the institution is playing in the business world. The above strategies would enha nce a change in institutions culture towards spin-offs and the general approach to innovation commercializing. Governments also have a share in development of entrepreneurs from universities and public research institutions. Since universities are public institutions, the government should have a keen interest on the outputs that such institutions are producing to the economy. The government should therefore be a keen observer so that, through the relevant government agencies, it can advise the universities on the influence the outputs form those institutions are having on the economy. In attaining entrepreneurship culture among University students, government ought to devolve funds the institutions in a bid to enhance commercial oriented researches. The government should then have a mechanism to monitor such funds. The government should also pass legislations that would IPR ownership by universities (Ko Smith, 2006). Conclusion Its paramount to reckon that, the entrepreneur world is commercial and so every innovation that is discovered should be properly channeled to the market. Universities should be at the forefront in bridging the disconnect that exists between technology and its commercialization. The government should play its role as discussed in the paper in enhancing integration of the academia community with the business community within the country and beyond. Nevertheless, individual responsibility in terms of putting efforts to integrate the technology gained in universities with the society is also important. The academia community must have a self motivation to practice the innovative concepts learnt in class. The essence of learning will only be realized by a complete harmony between theory and practice, which is the ability to correctly interpret and use knowledge from class in the real life. References De Coster, R. Butler, C. (2005). Assessment of proposals for new technology ventures in the UK: characteristics of university spin-off companies. Journal of Technovation. 25; 535-543. Di Gregorio, D. Shane, S. (2003). Why do some universities generate more start-ups than others? Research Policy. 32; 209-227. Druilhe, C. Garnsey, E. (2004). Do Academic Spin-outs Differ and Does it Matter? In: Journal of Technology Transfer. 29(3/4). 269-285. Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C. Terra, B.R. (2000). The future of the university and the University of the Future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy. 29(2):313-330. Ko, H. Smith, H.L. (October, 2006). Measuring the performance of Oxford University, Oxford Brookes University and the government laboratories spin-off companies. Research Policy. 35; 1554-1568. Leydesdorff, L. Etzkowitz, H. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and ‘‘Mode 2 to a Triple He lix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy. 29; 109-123. Vohora, A., Wright, M. Locakett, A. (June, 2003). Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies. Research Policy. 33; 147-175.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Lady Macbeth and the Tragic Flaw...

Lady Macbeth and the Tragic Flaw Are to Blame ...Go pronounce his present death,/ And with his former title greet Macbeth. (Act 1, Scene 2, 64-65) Though the word death in this sentence refers to the former thane of Cawdors demise, Shakespeare uses the clever trick of foreshadowing Macbeths downfall by coupling the word death with the word Macbeth so early in the tragedy. The quote has another importance it introduces the ideas of treachery and personal gain from less-than-legitimate means, two characteristics Macbeth picks up on as the story advances. We are introduced to Macbeth as a hero, a slayer of the Norweyans, even Bellonas bridegroom, lapped in proof (Act 1, Scene 2, 54), but by the end of the play†¦show more content†¦During the famed banquet scene, the Lady again saves Macbeth by covering up his fear of Banquos ghost. However by this time, her ruthlessness has taken root in Macbeth and to the end of the play, her mental state deteriorates from clear-headed to death, hitting the intermediary stages o f remorse, insanity and sleepwalking. In the third scene of the first act, Banquo** asks, ...have we eaten on the insane root that takes the reason prisoner? in response to the witches prophecies. Banquo is partly right in the assumption that Macbeths mind is not pure. When Macbeth says The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step/ On which I must fall down, or else oerleap (Act 1, Scene 4, 48-49), we see that Macbeth may have already the idea of killing Duncan. Macbeths ultimate goal is to become king; he does this with a certain amount of ease, but the process somehow awakens his tragic flaw, the ruthlessness with which he destroys his own reign. After he kills the dead kings servents, his targets are Banquo and Fleance, who have heard or are involved in the third prophecy. Macbeth sends the three murderers who stab the famous dying words out of Banquos mouth: Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! (Act 3, Scene 3, 17). Macbeth must crush dissent he kills Macduffs wife and children. Macbeths reign of non-stop killing e rodes Scotlands confidence in him and he has no chanceShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth by William Shakespeare1086 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare tragic hero; Macbeth is undoubtedly conveyed as one of literatures greatest fallen heroes. Initially presented as an admirable hero, he self destructs from external and internal forces. The witches ignited Macbeth’s ambition and temptations prove too strong for the one admired war hero, whilst Lady Macbeth prays up on his exceptional being of vaulting ambition. Throughout the essay, the factors influence Macbeth’s downfall will be explored. The witches participate significantly in theRead MoreFactors Contributing to Macbeths Transformation in Shakespeares Macbeth1912 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth transforms from a gallant war hero to a tyrannical murderer. As soon as Macbeth enters this life filled with tyranny his fate is doomed to a tragic downfall. Throughout the play, Shakespeare makes Macbeth responsible for his actions but Shakespeare also uses other characters as influences upon him which gives the character of Macbeth only partial responsibility for what he has done. In the scenes which lead up to the murder of Duncan, ShakespeareRead MoreCharacters In Macbeth995 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, numerous of events occur. A series of characters are introduced such as Lady Macbeth, King Duncan, Banquo, Macduff and many others throughout the play. As many introductions of characters are put in place, the plot of the story changes from time to time. The three most important events that occur in Macbeth are the prophecies that the witches tell Macbeth and Banquo (1.3.50-53), the death of King Duncan (2.2.19) and the death of Macbeth (5.8.32-40). These eventsRead MoreMacbeth as a Shakespearean Tragic Hero Essay example849 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth as a Shakespearean Tragic Hero In this essay I will explore the theory made by A.C Bradley, that each of Shakespeares man characters, are tragic heroes. This is that at the start of play, the character is usually somebody of high status; for example, Macbeth is the Thane of Glamis and he has a very high reputation for being a hero in war. Then as in A.C Bradleys theory, his character starts to flaw and eventually at the end of the play he dies. I will compareRead More Macbeth is Not Well-intentioned Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is Not Well-intentioned Macbeth is a well-intentioned character whose downfall is caused solely by the evil advice and influence of other characters. To what extent do you consider this statement to be true? In William Shakespeares, Macbeth, Macbeth is a character whose downfall is caused by a number of factors. Despite Macbeth being portrayed as a brave, masculine soldier, he is easily persuaded by his wife, Lady Macbeth and the witches who deliver prophecies to Macbeth.Read MoreCauses of Macbeths Downfall1445 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causes of Macbeths Downfall – Essay By Jordan Koorey Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth As A Butcher828 Words   |  4 PagesAt the end of the play, Malcolm describes Macbeth as a â€Å"butcher†. Do you think that Macbeth is merely portrayed as a â€Å"butcher†? Malcolm’s description of Macbeth as a â€Å"butcher† is appropriate at face value due to Shakespeare’s portrayal of excessive violence, it seems as though Macbeth possesses this â€Å"vaulting ambition† which allows him to endure the tendencies of a â€Å"butcher†. The connotations of a â€Å"butcher† implies a de-sensitised individual capable of slaughtering animals or in this case humansRead MoreThe Supernatural Evil Within Lady Macbeth in Shakespeare’s Macbeth1561 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific genders. With this in mind, Shakespeare’s Macbeth heightens the supernatural evil possessing Lady Macbeth as she condones murder for her own selfish ambition, while in Shakespeare’s time women were regarded as peaceful and full of feminine sympathies. This anachronism with the reality of Shakespeare’s day, illustrates the immense sense of wickedness and abnormality emphasizing her character’s influence on her husba nd and the plot of the play. In contrast, Macbeth appears to some extent a more acceptableRead MoreEmotions and Power in Macbeth by William Shakespeare582 Words   |  2 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, the main characters capture a wide variety of emotions during events that result in Macbeth gaining power of the throne followed by mad chaos and destruction. Macbeth falls under the description of a tragic hero because his life is interfered by the witches and is destined to fail from the beginning of the play, he still is a hero who has hubris and who once had honor, and he has a tragic flaw; his wife. Tragic heroes have lives that are doomed from the start becauseRead More Macbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth - Noble Soldier to Bloody Tyrant    The purpose of tragedy is to arouse in the audience emotions of fear or pity, and to produce a catharsis-a relieving cleansing-of these emotions. Macbeth is the most horrific of Shakespeares tragedies because the protagonist commits such bloodthirsty acts. Apart from on the battlefield, however, this brutality is not evident when we first meet the hero.   General Macbeth is a man of military and political importance, the heroic Thane of Glamis

Fight Terrorism without Infringing Human Rights Essay

The fight against terrorism has always raised concerns that the methods used by States may infringe human rights. As one leading academic, Professor Martin Scheinin,[1] has said â€Å"Governments have often felt tempted to depart from †¦ the fundamental rights of the individual when confronted with acts of terrorism†¦.†[2] Many leading world figures have stated that the fight against terrorism can be conducted without infringing human rights. For example, Ban Ki Moon, the Secretary General of the United Nations, has expressed the UN’s â€Å"commitment to a comprehensive approach to terrorism grounded in respect for human rights and the rule of law.†[3] A recent Council of Europe publication makes it clear that there are â€Å"no circumstances in which†¦show more content†¦It is also important to note that the assumption is that it is possible to fight terrorism without infringing human rights, not that States actually do so in practice. There is a lack of empirical data, i.e. research showing the prevalence of terrorism in countries with strong human rights records as opposed to countries with poor human rights records. There is significant judicial support for the assumption that you can fight terrorism without infringing human rights. The European Court of Human Rights, a judicial organ which has produced the most cogent body of international human rights law in existence, has on many occasions found that robust actions by Governments in the fight against terrorism are perfectly lawful in human rights terms. In its judgment in a case against Turkey where a member of a terrorist organization was shot and killed by anti-terrorist police after he shot at them, the Court held that there was no violation of the right to life. [6] A similar finding was reached in a case where a police operation resulted in the deaths of three terrorists in their apartment[7]. Sir Hugh Orde, who led the Police Service of Northern Ireland for seven years, accordingly has many years of experience fighting terrorism in that jurisdiction. He has repeatedly stated his belief that human rights compliance â€Å"is not and never has been an impediment to good policing; indeed I see it as essential to support good policing.†[8] However, weShow MoreRelatedFighting Terrorism without Infringing on Human Rights Essay826 Words   |  4 Pagescan fight terrorism without infringing upon human rights. Prominent advocate for this assumption is obviously Mary Robinson, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, who urged states to â€Å"adhere to their international obligations to uphold human rights and fundamental freedoms when conducting counterterrorism†. This has become a key component of UN-endorsed Global Counterterrorism strategy. Another key leader, supporter of this assumption former US President Jimmy Carter in his remarks on Human RightsRead MoreVictims of Hate Crimes and Racial Prejudice1219 Words   |  5 PagesDo you believe that the establishment of terrorism as a crime that can be committed domestically has changed policing? How? Why? Provide examples. Yes, I believe so. How- by the passing of patriotic act by the congress Why in order to respond to terrorist attacks the act allowed federal officials to trace and intercept communication that might be useful in prevention of terrorist attack. In addition, the powers to reorganization of counter terrorism policing and increase of police powers. AnotherRead MoreThe Use Of Mass Surveillance On Civilians Conducted By The Members Of The Five Eyes Program1335 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine the use of mass surveillance on civilians conducted by the members of the Five Eyes program and prove that the program is not justifiable. I am going to argue that this project is an offence to the public because it violates international human rights. I will prove this argument by explaining how their procedures do not abide with the regulations set. I will address the objections made by government authorities defending their intentions, then I will negate their claims by proving that the massRead MoreCounter Terrorism Policy of the Un1925 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism is an act of violence, usually done in the public sphere, which is used to incite fear in a population in order to coerce change in public opinion or a government’s position on an issue. In many parts of the world, groups wage war with their countries, either to separate from the government or to overthrow it entirely. Sometimes these people are treated unfairly by their government, and their struggles are justified. Other times, these groups use violence against both military and civilianRead MoreThe War On Terrorism And The World Trade Center3580 Words   |  15 Pagesinception to participate in said â€Å"war† (â€Å"War on Terrorism†). Congress later approved forty billion dollars’ worth of emergency funds to aid reconstruction and prepare for military action. A law was passed in order to allow presidents to â€Å"use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or pe rsons he determines planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist attack†¦or harbored such organizations or persons† (â€Å"War on Terrorism†). Americans are now asking: â€Å"What is expectedRead MoreThe Global Fight Against Terrorism2715 Words   |  11 PagesGlobal Fight against Terrorism In order to thoroughly analyze the global fight against terrorism, it is imperative to first understand the definition of terrorism. Alex Woolf states that terrorism is the use of violence against civilians, in order to achieve political goals (Woolf 4). Such political goals include altering the government of a country, abolishing unfair laws passed by biased individuals in power, and changing the status quo of a society. As opposed to an act of war, terrorism involvesRead MoreBreaking the Law or Civil Desobedience Essay example1642 Words   |  7 Pagesaspects of Civil Disobedience is utilizing it to combat laws that are unjust. The goal is to achieve moral equilibrium. Martin Luther King Jr. clarifies when he says â€Å"A law is unjust if it is inflicted on a minority that, as a result of being denied the right to vote, had no part in enacting or devising the law.† He goes on to say that there are times when a law is a good law on the outside, but when it is put into pr actice it then becomes an unjust when it is used against a minority group while the restRead MoreEssay on The Patriot Act is Unconstitutional2556 Words   |  11 Pagesgone too far, is unjustified, unconstitutional, and infringes on the privacy of the American people, as well as others in the world. The Patriot Act should be weakened in order to preserve the rights of the American people and to reaffirm to the world that the U.S will not tolerate violations of human rights. On September, 11th, 2001, the United States faced the largest terrorist attack in its history. Over 3,000 innocent civilians lost their lives due to a terrorist attack. This attack gave AmericansRead MoreRacial Profiling Based Upon Ethnicity and National Origin Essay6331 Words   |  26 Pagesand many liberties have been infringed upon in the search for racial equality. Now that the 21st century as arrived, a large percentage of our population believes that the human species is intellectually advanced enough to discard race as a factor for any sort of discrimination or specialized treatment. Today, terrorism faces worldwide attention, and it is assumed that terrorists who wish to harm the United States are concentrated in the Middle East or in countries with a predominate Muslim

Alcohol Use Disorders Free Essays

The amount of written and published materials about alcohol and alcohol related disorders continue to grow everyday because the role of these written output is to chronicle how human society is moving forward alongside medical and psychological development that can handle the cases that come up in line with people and the psychological and mental dilemma they face after breaching the limits of excessive alcohol intake. Reflected in the paper are either opinions of specialists or products of intensive study in the part of the specialist. This paper is designed to capture as much information as possible that can lead to the continuation of the building block process required in the continued creation and improvement of socially shared knowledge, and today, Internet and magazine articles, private journals as well as news and professional journals in the field of medicine, psychiatry and psychology are consistently fulfilling the role they are designated for. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol Use Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Basically, the paper is geared so that people can know more. This paper gave a very short description about alcohol and its role in the society, as well as in our health – how it is being abused and taken in excess and what are its repercussions to health, especially in the mental soundness of a person. The paper included in its discussion the salient points of Kalapi’s arguments and the newfound analysis on the changing behavior of college students and the fading concept of controlled drinking. The paper will also discuss published works and related stories about alcohol and anxiety disorder as well as kids who are suffering from ADHD and how alcohol intake can gravely affect them in their lives sooner or later. Mental health and alcohol intake and the impact of some of the drugs given to patients to cure mental problems and how it affects the patients are also discussed in the paper, along with concerns that involve alcohol and disorders in sleeping such as the sleep related breathing disorder or SRBD. Introduction – The Institute of Alcohol Studies labeled alcohol as the second most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world because of the promise of the alcohol’s after effects. Since the beginning of the establishment of the sciences and field of medical specializations that are capable of studying and analyzing the impact of alcohol in the mental health of the people, the influx of inputs backed with medical and scientific proofs extracted through acceptable and reliable means have been consistent, enabling modern day professionals to constantly remind the people about the possible mental health risk they might face especially with uncontrolled intake of alcohol in huge dosages. Every year, new information about alcohol related disorders pertaining to mental health are made available, and the purpose of this paper is to provide a collated and descriptive database of the new and updated information about alcohol. According to an Institute of Alcohol Studies paper, problems on alcohol and mental health have a close relationship with each other, ‘people with mental health problems are at raised risk of alcohol problems and vice versa’ (IAS, 2007). Something that has to do with this partly is because of the intertwined nature of the two. One of the most common reactions of mentally bothered individuals is to resort to a means wherein he or she is free to recreate the world, something which is easily done with the help of alcohol, while some excessive drinkers are experiencing an altered world because of the toxicity of the body from the high level of alcohol intake. There are many reasons why, and some of which may include the fact that alcohol intake for some is an act that can enable a person to cope with whatever problem he or she is experiencing at the moment, which includes depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorders, manic- depressive illness and even schizophrenia. Alcohol Related Disorders is one of the many disorders included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, or simply the DSM-IV-TR. Indicated in the DSM-IV-TR under the topic Alcohol Related Disorders are several other sub topics that talk about alcohol related disorders, namely the following: Abuse, Dependence, Induced Anxiety Disorder, Induced Mood Disorder, Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Induced Persisting Dementia, Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Delusions, Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Hallucinations, Induced Sexual Dysfunction, Induced Sleep Disorder, Intoxication, Intoxication Delirium, Related Disorder NOS, Withdrawal and Withdrawal Delirium. Because of the scope and breadth of the discussion alcohol related disorder, the paper will try its best to exhaust every possible source to bring to light updated and published works that present new and updated information regarding the development in the different fields of science that directly or indirectly affects one or every alcohol related disorder topic. New Findings about Alcohol-Related Disorders – Alcohol, alcoholism and the resulting physical and social impact brought about by concerns stemming from the uncontrolled and unchecked use of alcohol is the reason why specialists in different fields are working non-stop in trying to find answers and remedies to prevailing questions and problems that directly involve alcohol consumption and alcoholism. Practicing professionals as well as academicians take an important role in the task of updating the data bank of the collective societal consciousness with regards to the newest information involving mental and psychological health and alcohol consumption and dependence. These information are sometimes handed over to the people in the next echelon who are capable of mass communication like media entities and school teachers and instructors, as well as health service personnel and non-government organizations that are geared in helping the society cope with the persisting problem of alcoholism, trying to keep its impact on the society and its people (and their health) to a modest minimum. This paper is geared in presenting a collection of new and update findings that focuses and affects the problems on alcohol-related disorders in the hope that these new information can help the readers be more informed of such types of disorders, how they can be checked and detected, how it can be avoided and how it can be cured. The information included in this paper includes notes on the paper and talk of Elissavet Kapaki, through the work Alcoholic dementia: myth or reality? which was published online on 2006. Information about the published study of William R. Yates, M.D. on August 23, 2007 about Anxiety Disorders in the Emedicine WebMD website, as well as the useful information from Steven Gans, MD regarding the impact of alcohol and the risk of suffering from alcohol related disorders among children suffering from ADHD syndrome in the article published May of this year, are also included in this paper. The paper also notes how the increase in cases of excessive beer drinking among college students and how it impacts the students’ psychological frame of mind, as mentioned in the article ‘Binge drinking, pill abuse intensify at colleges’, a   March, 2007 article from the Associated Press and published by the search engine MSN in partnership with NBC (MSNBC). How to cite Alcohol Use Disorders, Papers

Top Product of the Twenty First Century-Tesla Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about 'the Marketing Elements and its Success in regards to Tesla Motors an American Automobile Company. Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to analyse the product and marketing qualities that has made a brand to be at the top most choice of the consumers. In the world of invention and innovation, product manufacturing and marketing has reached to a new height thus reaching to the greatest number of people around the world (Castells 2014). According to Davenport Davenport and Kudyba (2016), technological advancement in the sphere of production and marketing has accelerated the agility of the reach of the products to the greater number of audiences. The report tries to find out the top consumer product of this century. There are different parts of the report that constitutes the summary of the product, target market of the product, market genre of the product, competitors, reasons behind the success of the chosen product and its life cycle stage. The report ends with a fair recommendation that can be implemented in the marketing criteria of the chosen product. The report illustrates the marketing elements and its success in regards to Tesla Motors an American automobile company that has manufactured an autopilot car Model 3. However, the latest model of Tesla Motors did not create a huge market scope in the global marketing arena. One of the best cars that Tesla has ever produced in the Model S, the best selling Sedan in American as well as global market. Every detail of the cars marketing is going to be chronicled in the following report. About the Product: Model S, manufactured by Tesla Motors has created an epoch-making sales option in the global market. In its fourth quarter the product has reached to 76% growth in its sales. The electric car of Tesla, to me, tops the list of the best consumer products of the century. The chosen product has the highest amount of market share in the United States. thorugh the car did not make a move to the developing countries in the African and Asian continent, its market move to the developed countries like the USA, Germany, France, Australia and other has been note worthy. Among twelve top rated cars Model S won the best car award in the Car Sales 2015 award. Tesla Motors has always been in the headline for its products innovation and marketing criteria. It has been considered one of the best cars of the twenty first century in Car Sales best car festival. In terms of the quality of the car it can be said that Model S is an electronic sedan that has been first of its kind in the US market thus crea ting a huge opportunity for high level sales. Innovation in technological application in the manufacturing of the car has also attracted million of the customers. The car has also held the record of highest number of test drive. However, the high cost does not allow the car to reach to customers of the developing countries. There have been many debates because of this approach of Tesla that the company does not make cars for the daily commuters. Followings are the most attractive features Model S: It is all electric thus creating an economical and gas free driving. The concept of being eco friendly has also created a scope of marketing in the international arena. The aluminium body of the car also makes it light weight. Moreover the comfortable body structure of the car has also become centre of attraction for the customers. Tesla Model S target Segment: The target segmentation of Tesla has always remained classy and elite. Due to its highly innovative product launch, the company does not facilitate the middles class to afford the cars. It is obviously not the commuters vehicle, since it has the quality of a sports car. Yet, Model S has been into the market for a long time and it has become one of the best selling cars in the United States. Moreover, the best selling market of the car does not target the audience who want to use it in a daily use purpose. Though Tesla sounds bit costier than the other cars, the present customers of the brand purchases it in not more than seventy thousand USD. Most of the customers are esteemed and well established business executives or entrepreneurs. The other types of the customers are the tech savvy or the renowned engineers. It can therefore be said that the product is launched for the upper middle-class customers who have sound economic stability and stable income source. Moreover, Tesla Model S has been manufactured in order to target the generation Y who has core fascination to luxury cars. Market Segment: Tesla does not look for a huge group of market audience. It rather targets the individuals belonging to the upper-middle class society. It generally looks for the people who have their income over $100,000. Hence it has failed to reach to more than seventy percent of the customers thus not providing scope to enjoy one of the best cars in the world. In case of the demographic market segment, the brand typically targets the male sections of the society that has the brand fascination for the sports and luxurious cars. However, there are numbers of female sections in the global market arena who are found to be purchasing the car for their drive purpose. Moreover, it has also ensured the behavioural segmentation of the customers. Since the car is eco- friendly band does not run on fuel, it has also created likeliness among the traditional customers who support sustainable development. The other behavioural segmentation for Tesla S is the customers who have the tendency to go with the technologically sound vehicle. Tesla S is the perfect amalgamation of technology, luxury and sustainability. Positioning: Model S is seen to be posting advertisements of the cars pertaining to its great performance on the road. The electric bvehicle benefits the ecology without sacrificing the style and elegance. The advantage of the car is that it does not divert from the traditional European style of luxury cars though maintaining sustainability in the business. It has the potential to be called a complete car because of its approach towards the environment as well as the broad automobiles market. The marketing authority of the car decided to position the car in its entry level after the survey of its sales in the growth stage. Now the car has again come to the growth stage after resubmission of strategies in the market. Consumer Needs and satisfaction: Since there are different segments of consumers in the market, they have different needs and demands form a particular product. In the age of sustainability, a particular segment of the customers have been demanding for a vehicle that does not harm the environment. Moreover there are other customers who love their cars to be technologically equipped. There are customers who have the fascination towards luxury and class. Tesla S covers all the criteria of customer need and demand. There is no single corner of the customer demand for a perfect car that is not fulfilled by Tesla Model S. This is why the car has been top rated by most of the car lovers in the world (Bohnsack, Pinkse and Kolk 2014). Product Market: According to an article published in Forbes, there is decent amount of information that is available pertaining to the geographical market of Tesla Model S. However, there are some obvious markets for Tesla S to be sold and promoted. Teslas major market has been USA- the home country for Tesla (Forbes.com, 2017). It has the projection of more than 4000 models in the local country. The second largest market of Tesla S has been China with more than fifteen hundred models to be sold in the market. The third largest markets have been the European countries where the brand is projected to have more than twenty two hundred (2200) models. Teslas best selling cars are found in the countries of Netherlands, United Kingdom and France. It has not successfully entered into the market of Germany so far because of the presence of car giants (Frome et al. 2014). There is no specific region for the marketing availability for Tesla S. However, the market is limited for the car. It has not reached to the greater market segment in the developing countries that has the greater population strength. Product Line of Model S: There are other products of Tesla Motors that are available in the market. The product line of a product is the other products of the same company. The strongest internal competitor of Tesla S is Tesla 3- another epoch making car brand that has repeatedly been giving strong competition to Tesla S. However, the basic difference between Tesla S and Tesla 3 is zero pilot. The pilotless car Tesla 3 has been in the line of competition since 2015; however, ease of access and affordable price of Tesla S has put Model 3 back to the former one. Another important and strongest competitor of Tesla S is Tesla X. According to the consumer report of Australia and USA, Tesla X is friendly to most of the consumers who cannot afford to buy Tesla S. The consumer friendly model of Tesla x has been favourite for the commuters from almost every economic class. However, Tesla X could never give hard competition to Tesla S (Forums.tesla.com, 2017). Reason for Being at the Top: The basic reason behind Teslas eye cracking market success is its marketing strategy. Besides wonderful features of the car, the marketing strategy adopted and designed by the company has been a determining factor to give a lead in the market. Since, Tesla S is the perfect ensemble of class, style, technology and sustainability; it has created huge market response. The main reason behind the market success of Tesla S has been its product quality and marketing strategy. According to the consumer report, the car has got 99 points out of 100. It has been the highest rated car of he century, as per the decision taken by the Forbes. The person behind the successful sales of Tesla S is Elon Musk a marketing master. However, the key reason for the success of Tesla is its being an electric car. It is perhaps the first electric luxurious sedan that has been technologically at its highest innovation. Most of the cars in the world lack these criteria thus making it truly a unique car in the glo bal market. Model S has inspired Model S SUV that was launched in 2015 thus becoming one of the most awaited cars of the century. The fame and esteem of Model S has been carried forward to model S SUV and there is another effort to make it look bigger than ever (Bae and Kwasinski 2012.). Market Competition: Though Tesla had initiated a venture with innovative idea for e-car, there are other solid competitions in the external product line. The German car giants BMW andMercedes have also launched their latest products causing threat to Tesla. BMWs i5, Mercedes Benz IAA, Porsches Pajun EV and Fisker Karmas E-Lux are the major global competitors of Tesla S.. The aforesaid models have almost same criteria as Tesla S has. In recent years BMW i5 has created a threatening market review to Tesla. The present market competition has also given an extra edge to the marketing of Tesla S. Both S and S SUV have provided advantage to the marketing advancement of Tesla. The following diagram illustrates a competitive advantage of Tesla S in the market (Palin et al 2012) Fig1: Comparative Market Study As per the previously mentioned graph, it can be said that the current market position of Tesla S is higher than any other automobile brand. There is a huge marginal gap between the sales of Tesla S and other luxury sedan brands Product Life Cycle stage of Tesla Model S: Teslas Model S has been one of the most innovative products with it being in the growth stage of the product life cycle. It has gone on to become one of the most bestselling vehicles in America in the segment of electric. They are positioned in the growth stage as the electric vehicles are finding more acceptances among the people and the sales figure is on the rise. This new section of consumers have been showing enough interest in buying these electric vehicles and the companies that have been producing electric vehicles are witnessing a rise in the purchase of this cars. Electric vehicles are quickly becoming a custom where Tesla can endorse their products to a customer base that is larger in nature. The growth stage is the second step in the product life cycle and for most of the manufacturers this is the important platform for ascertaining the position of a product in the market with enough increase in sales and augmenting on the margin of profit (Bartlett and Twineham 2013). Tesla has definite plans in expanding their production and increasing their distribution for meeting the ever increasing demand of the car in Asia and Europe. The expectation that the company has kept from its sales in Europe and Asia would enable it to reach an annual production of 50000 by the end of this year. The product quality of model S is being well-maintained by the organization, for instance, it has been paced the safest car by NHTSA. The advantage of using this model is the lack of gas tank in it, which generates a longer crumple precinct for absorbing the impact of high speed. The starting price of this model from the house of Tesla has been kept at 70,000 where the company is being enjoying an increase in the demand with little or no competition. Tesla would be rising from here on as the industry of electric vehicle would be expanding in the days to come. As of now there is no scope of this product from Tesla to reach the stage of maturity as there lays many untapped markets in the regions outside of North America. Tesla needs to cover all those before any other brand taps into any of those. Recommendation for product improvement: There is always room for improvement and the same is the case with Tesla Model S, where the company can focus on more in-depth analysis of the car to make it perfect. -Estimating needs of mileage: Tesla sales executives need to make clear that there is every chance the rated miles (ideal range) would not be attained by the user. Some of the reasons would be like intraday drain of battery and driving on the throughway above 65 miles per hour. People have been getting 90 per cent of the Ideal Range but even sometimes fewer than to facilitate. Moreover, when the user gets hold of the car, they would be recommended in configuring the battery so that it only arraign around 70-75 per cent of the capability that would be extending the life of the battery but limiting their range. These factors should shape into the preparation of the battery size for the car to be ordered. -Spare tire option: There is lack of spare tire with no standard sized spare tire and no donut which according to the customers have been one of the bad decision made by the company. it might happen any time that the driver might experience a flat tire and the gas station might be far away from that place. Moreover, it would require for the gas station service providers to make safe the same brand for replacing the tire. It is recommended for the company to include a donut as a standard or for-free alternative. -Tire: Goodyear eagle RSA tires have been a bit harsh for the road conditions that exist on some of the areas, producing a ride that is devoid of any sort of comfortability. A softer tire might solve the purpose and a few modifications on the style of the tire too keeping in mind the bumpy and uneven roads. The only good news that the users of this car can find is the replacement tire that is being installed costs less than $200, half of what it costs for the tire of Mercedes. Charge related topics Accessories: It offers the alternative for conservatory cords for 110 and 240; people can buy this at a hardware store or some other sporting goods store, but then why would people have to do this when they are already paying so much for the model. Bag that is being included for charging cables: It is generally cheap in nature and a tiny one having only one zipper. Drivers and other users find it hard in stuffing things like the charger cords in and out of it. The company should focus on these little details and would do well in upgrading this for the same. Topping off: This is the challenging part to do. It happens when one is driving his Model S for approximately 10-15 miles and then tries to charge it at night with it exhibiting full charge when it actually is not. If people are leaving their car unplugged for several days without involving it in driving, the battery is such that it would drain out and would not be recharging at night time. The customers or the users should be made aware by the company about the cutoff below which the battery might charge. -Sealed location for papers, coins and garage door openers: Users have been trying to get an easy access but sealed off location for the items such as registration papers, coins, and the opener for garage door. -A/C: The air conditioning machine installed in the Model S cars takes a while to cool. It is suggested to design their cars with 3 sets of triples and bigger single vents instead of the 3 sets of corresponding vents and a single emit. -Trunk of the car: It is well recommended to have an option from where the users would be able to open the trunk with the help of the app existing in the phone and also from the control panel that is there present in the car. Despite having competition in the global market, Tesla S has retained its market fame and top position. No other automobile brand in the world has been able to compete with the Model S and win it. Conclusion: Having gone through the features nad the marketing strategies of Tesla S, it can be said that the brand has been at its marketing apex because of its advance technology and sustainability. The product life cycle of Tesla S has been in an evolving stage that is the growth stage. During its initial years, Tesla S was at its peak of market rumours. However it has not offended the consumers with any discrepancies of the projected commitment. The users have been highly satisfied with the product and the car has been voted at the top list of favour. The car has mostly given edge to driving luxury of the customers thus creating a sense of satisfaction. As per the customer reviews, Tesla S is so far the most comfortable car while driving. The model also looks executive and it has a brand image as well. the class S has created can be retained in the further manufacturing of the cars. This is why the company has decided go forward with Tesla S SUV recovering the setbacks that it had in Tesla S . The report has produced an insight to the product criteria as well as the marketing segmentation of the car that has its effect on the entire sale Reference: Bae, S. and Kwasinski, A., 2012. Spatial and temporal model of electric vehicle charging demand.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,3(1), pp.394-403. Bartlett, D. and Twineham, J., 2013. Product Life Cycle. InEncyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 1914-1920). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J. and Kolk, A., 2014. Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), pp.284-300. Castells, M., 2014.Technopoles of the world: The making of 21st century industrial complexes. Routledge. Davenport, T.H. and Kudyba, S., 2016. Designing and Developing Analytics-Based Data Products.MIT Sloan Management Review,58(1), p.83. Eberhard, M. and Tarpenning, M., 2006. The 21 st Century Electric Car Tesla Motors.Tesla Motors. Forbes.com. (2017). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckjones/2014/07/31/analysis-of-tesla-sales-by-geography/#48d522fd3284 [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Forums.tesla.com. (2017). 2016 Used Model X Market | Tesla. [online] Available at: https://forums.tesla.com/forum/forums/2016-used-model-x-market [Accessed 24 Apr. 2017]. Frome, A., Corrado, G.S., Shlens, J., Bengio, S., Dean, J. and Mikolov, T., 2013. Devise: A deep visual-semantic embedding model. InAdvances in neural information processing systems(pp. 2121-2129). Palin, R., Johnston, V., Johnson, S., D'Hooge, A., Duncan, B. and Gargoloff, J.I., 2012.The aerodynamic development of the tesla model s-part 1: Overview(No. 2012-01-0177). SAE Technical Paper. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.