General Planning Process Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General Planning Process - Case Study Example After full analysis of the performance of the company, the analysts found that one of four project managers has lefted the company and since then the company has failed to accomplish around seven projects which totally worth around $30000 dollars. Having no control of managers for these projects, has caused the wrong assignment of web designers, web developers and web programmers to the projects which has caused an average of two weeks delay on project delivery. There are three ways that can be applied to the problem, first is to ask some of the developers that have no manager now, to leave the company. Second, is to ask the remained managers to have the control of the projects that have no manager right now, this means that three left managers should have the power to control seven more projects per month. The third and last option is to add a new manager to the company. The first option, will not help the company to re-gain the lost income since it only asks the additional work force to leave the company. The second option will force a more work pressure to the managers.Even if we consider that they they will do their best, they need to be paid more because of the more work they do. The third option is the same as the second option in costs to the company but it has less pressure on the quality of work. The owner of the company decides to choose ... This is a temporary but useful way to reduce the loss of income till a new manager arrives and the the studio goes back to it's normal

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 345

Assignment Example Ford’s financials for the fiscal year that ended December 2003 addressed foreign exchange risk management. The company first understands and measures its exposure to various risks. For example, Ford is exposed to foreign currency risks. The firm utilizes cash flow hedges to prevent and minimize the risks. However, Ford hedges only between 25% and 30% of its foreign exchange risks. The firm hedges various currencies including Swedish krone, Mexico pesos, British sterling pounds, Brazilian reals, and Japanese yen (Hyman 32). Ford uses various hedging techniques to minimize the risks. These methods include value-at-risk (VaR) analysis. VaR assists the organization to assess its exposure to variations in foreign currency exchange rates. The VaR model focuses on profit and losses. Therefore, the technique allows Ford to calculate the size of the deviation between the probable profit and a yearly planned profit with a 95% probability. The current currency volatility in Venezuela is Ford’s primary concern. In 2015, the company announced that, it took charge related to its operations in Venezuela that would reduce fourth-quarter net profit by about $700 millions (Reuters 1). Venezuelan bolivars value fluctuates due to the illegal market. Reuters reported that illegal traders exchange a dollar for more than 180 bolivars. Such exchange rate is high compared to the country’s three-tiered exchange rate system. Venezuela’s currency exchange rate ranges between 6.3 bolivars and 50 bolivars to the dollar (6). Overall, Ford has grown significantly since its establishment. Despite the fact that the company experiences many risks in its operations, the firm adopted sound hedging techniques. Similarly, any company operating either locally or internationally might experience different challenges. However, good management strategies would propel the

Periodic Table Trend Anomalies

Periodic Table Trend Anomalies Abstract: Atomic radius is the physical size of an atom while ionization energy is the energy required to completely pull one electron away from an atom. When it comes to the periodic table, there are accepted periodic trends for both atomic radius and ionization energy. However, there are some instances in which certain elements do not follow the predetermined periodic trends. These are areas in which trend anomalies occur. On the attached graph, four such anomalies are circled, but only three will be discussed: anomaly #2, anomaly #3, and anomaly #4. The purpose of this report is to explain what about these specified regions is unpredictable, and give a concise reasoning, in relation to electron configuration, as to why the anomalies occur. Ionization Energy: The general trend for ionization energy is that it increases up a group and also increases from left to right. Due to the fact that the elements involved in the anomalies appear consecutively on the periodic table, the left to right trend will be given focus. The reasoning for theis trend is dependent upon the Zeff. The Zeff increases concurrently with the number of protons in an atoms nucleus. The more protons in a nucleus, the more attraction there is between the individual electrons and the nucleus which in turn means a larger Zeff.The higher the Zeff, the closer the electrons are held to the nucleus and therefore, the more energy is required to separate those electrons from the atom. However, in some cases this trend does not apply to certain elements. The following anomalies occur with respect to the trend of ionization energy on the periodic table of elements: Anomaly #2: Elements 7 8 The second anomaly found on the graph occurs at elements 7 and 8, Nitrogen and Oxygen. On the periodic table Nitrogen is element 7, indicating that is has 7 protons in its nucleus while Oxygen is element 8, indicating that is has 8 protons in its nucleus. Due to the fact that Oxygen has a larger number of protons in its nucleus, it should also have a larger Zeff. The larger Zeff means that there should be a greater attraction between the nucleus and the electrons, giving Oxygen a higher ionization energy than Nitrogen. This, however, is not the case. In fact, Nitrogen has a higher ionization energy that Oxygen. To understand why this occurs, the electron configurations of both elements should be taken into account. Nitrogen has an electron configuration of 1s22s22p3 while Oxygen has an electron configuration of 1s22s22p4. Nitrogens p-orbital is exactly half full, with having 3 of a potential 6 electrons present. This configuration is considered to be a more stable one because there is an equal exchange of energies between the electrons of the 2p-orbital. This configuration is also considered to be more stable than the configuration of Oxygen, which has 4 electrons, more than half, in its p-orbital (Boudreaux, 2017). The increased stability of Nitrogen means that it takes more energy to pull electrons from its orbit than it does to pull electrons from the less stable Oxygen (Woodward, 2017). This kind of anomaly also occurs at elements 15 and 16, Phosphorous and Sulfur. The two elements are in the same periodic groups as Oxygen and Nitrogen. Like Nitrogen, Phosphorous has an exactly half full p-orbital, with 3 out of 6 possible electrons. Sulfur however, has a p-orbital with 4 electrons. Like Nitrogen, Phosphorous is considered to have a more stable configuration because the energy levels in the p-orbital are distributed evenly, while the energy levels in the p-orbital of Sulfur are not. Due to this increased stability in takes more energy to pull electrons from Phosphorous than it does for Sulfur, just as it does nor Nitrogen and Oxygen, despite the fact that the periodic trend for ionization energy would predict the exact opposite. Anomaly #3: Elements 45-50 The third anomaly on the graph occurs from elements 45 to 50; Rhodium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, and Tin.ÂÂ   Based on the periodic trend for ionization energy, the ionization energy should gradually increase as the graph goes from element 45, Rhodium, to element 50, Tin. This should occur because each consecutive element has more protons in its nucleus than the last, meaning a larger Zeff and by extension, a larger ionization energy. This does not occur though. Instead, starting at Rhodium, the elements follow and up, down, up, down pattern with Rhodium and Tin marking the ending and the re-starting of the regular pattern, respectively. To better understand why this anomaly occurs the following table should be taken into consideration: Atomic Number Element Electron Configuration 45 Rhodium 5s14d8 46 Palladium 4d10 47 Silver 5s14d10 48 Cadmium 5s24d10 49 Indium 5s25p1 50 Tin 5s25p2 As previously stated these elements form a pattern that goes up, down, up, down with Rhodium marking the end of the previously regular trend and Tin marking the re-start of that trend. The first element that shoots up in ionization energy is Palladium. Palladium has a much larger ionization energy than Rhodium. This is because Palladium has a full d-orbital while Rhodium does not. Palladiums full d-orbital makes it a more stable element, because its valence orbital is satisfied, than Rhodium therefore, it takes more energy to pull electrons from Palladiums orbit than it does to pull them from Rhodiums. Silvers ionization energy it much lower than Palladiums however, and it is the first of the elements to go down in the pattern. While Silver does have a full d-orbital, it also has a half full s-orbital. Due to the fact that there is a half full s-orbital, Silvers orbitals are no longer satisfied. Palladium, however, still has a full d-orbital, with no electrons in the s-orbital, makin g it the more stable configuration. Once again, Palladium has the larger ionization energy because it is considered to have a more stable configuration, and it takes more energy to pull electrons from its orbit than it does for Silver. After Silver comes Cadmium. Cadmium is the second up element in the pattern. While both of the elements, Silver and Cadmium, have full d-orbitals, Cadmium also has a full s-orbital. Due to the fact that Cadmium has both s and d-orbitals full it is considered to have a more stable configuration than Silver, explaining why Cadmium has a much larger ionization energy that Silver does. The next element to go down in the pattern is Indium. Cadmium is an extremely stable element because both its s and d-orbitals are full. Indium, however, has only 1 electron in its p-orbital making it a much less stable configuration than that of Cadmium (Barrens, 2007). Due to the fact that Indium is much less stable than Cadmium, it takes less energy to pull electrons from its orbit, giving reason to why Cadmium has a much larger ionization energy than Indium. The last element in the pattern, Tin, marks the re-start of the general ionization energy trend. Even though the electron configuration of Indium and Tin are very similar, Indium only has 1 electron in its p-orbital while Tin has 2. Despite the fact that the elements have similar configurations Tin is still considered to be a more stable element and therefore it has a larger ionization energy than Indium. After Tin, the accepted trend for ionization energy begins again. In relation to the huge jump in ionization energy between Cadmium and Indium, Zinc and Gallium also demonstrate the same kind of jump. Zinc and Gallium are in the same periodic groups as Cadmium and Indium. Zinc has an electron configuration of 4s23d10 while Gallium has an electron configuration of 4s24p1. Once again, Zinc`s 4s and 3d-orbitals are full, meaning it has a more stable configuration then Gallium, explaining why it has a high ionization energy. It should also be noted that the big drop in ionization energy occurs when a new subshell starts. The starting of a new subshell decreases the stability of an atoms configuration, making it easier to pull electrons from the orbit of that atom (Wiberg Wiberg, 2001). Atomic Radius: The accepted periodic trend for atomic radius is as follows: atomic radius increases down a group as well as from right to left on the periodic table. Due to the fact that the elements involved in the anomalies appear side by side on the table, focus will be given to the right to left trend. Atomic radii decrease from left to right due to the fact that effective nuclear charge, Zeff, increases from left to right. The Zeff is the overall pull an electron feels from the nucleus; the greater the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons, the greater the Zeff. This means that as the number of protons in the nucleus increases, so does the Zeff because there is a greater attraction between the nucleus and the individual electrons. The greater the pull of the electrons to the nucleus the smaller the atomic radius. This trend, however, is not always followed. The following anomaly occurs with respect to the trend for atomic radius on the periodic table of elements: Anomaly #4: Elements 58 to 72 First Row Inner-transition Metals This anomaly occurs from element 58 to 71, Cerium to Hafnium. Based on the trend explained above, the atomic radius for these elements should increase from Hafnium to Cerium due to the fact that each element, going backwards, has less protons in its nucleus than the last, therefore, having a smaller Zeff. This, however, does not occur and instead the graph shows the inner-transition metals to have almost or exactly the same atomic radii. This anomaly occurs due to what is called Lanthanoid contraction. To understand this anomaly the electron configuration of these elements must be taken into consideration. All of these elements have a 4f-orbital, which makes them unique (NCERT, 2017). Typically, atomic radius tends to decrease when moving from left to right on the periodic table because there is room for more electrons in the existing energy levels.ÂÂ   When more electrons are added to these energy levels atomic radius tends to get smaller because the additional protons attract the electrons more, and pull the outer shell of electrons closer to the nucleus. This does not happen with electrons in the f-orbitals though. Instead of electrons being added to the outer shell of the atom, electrons are added to an inner-shell where f-orbital elements are concerned (Wicks, 2015). This causes a shielding effect. The shielding effect occurs when the inner-shell electrons shield the outer-shell electrons from the full magn itude of the nuclear charge, or attraction to the nucleus (Bains, 2014). This shielding effect is Lanthanoid contraction.ÂÂ   In elements 58 to 71, Lanthanoid contraction causes the 4f electrons to shield each other from their attraction to the nucleus. Due to the fact that these elements do not feel the full attraction of the nucleus the atomic radius does not increase a large amount. This explains why the inner-transition metals have atomic radii that are very similar, and do not differ very much in magnitude (Encyclopedia, 2011). References Bains, Amrit. (2014). Lanthanide Contraction. Retrieved from Chemistry LibreTexts: https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/4_f-Block_Elements/The_Lanthanides/aLanthanides%3A_Properties_and_Reactions/Lanthanide_Contraction Barrens, Richard. (2007). Zinc and Gallium Ionization Energy . Retrieved from Students` Technical Activities Body : https://stab-iitb.org/newton-mirror/askasci/chem07/chem07038.htm Boudreaux, Kevin. (2017). Periodic Trends Ionization Energy. Retrieved from Angelo State University: https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/trends_ionization_energy.htm Britannica Encyclopedia. (2011). Lanthanois Contraction . Retrieved from Britannica Encyclopedia : https://www.britannica.com/science/lanthanoid-contraction NCERT (National Council for Edication and Training). (2017). The d- and f- block Elements. Retrieved from National Council for Education and Training : http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/lech108.pdf Wiberg, Egon., Wiberg, Nils. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. In E. Wiberg, N. Wiberg, Inorganic Chemistry (p. 1306). San Diego: Academic Press. Wicks, Kurt. (2015). Exceptions to the General Trend for Atomic Radius. Retrieved from Chemistry Lecture Notes: http://www.chemistrylecturenotes.com/html/exceptions_to_the_general_tren.html Woodward, Pat. (2017). Ionization Energy . Retrieved from Ohio State University : http://cbc-wb01x.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/~woodward/ch121/ch7_ie.htm

Art and Republicanism :: Government Republican Essays

Art and Republicanism ABSTRACT: Republicanism is contrasted with liberalism with special reference to the notions of presence, absence and representation. The contrast is more conspicuous in the Platonic tradition of republicanism than it is in the Aristotelian tradition, the former being more likely to degenerate into some form of totalitarianism. Examples thereof are given in accordance with the distinction between a strong and a soft iconoclasm, as it is found both in Antiquity and in Eastern and Western Europe’s quest for absolute presence or—as in avantgarde art of modernity—for absolute self-presence of the work of art. Having left such political and artistic utopias behind it, the pendulum is now swinging back in the direction of representation, but no longer in the illusionist sense which has dominated Western art form the Renaissance to the beginning of our century. Tied to the question of iconoclasm is the debate about the end of art inaugurated by Hegel in the general intro duction to his Aesthetics and resumed in our days. There are two traditions of republicanism, one predominantly Platonic and the other predominantly Aristotelian. Both have several characteristics in common which set them off apart from the tradition of liberalism, such as the paramount concern for morals in politics, or the priority of politics over economics, or the mistrust of growth and riches as well as the preference for poverty over luxury, proximity over distance and—most important from the point of view of arts—direct presence over mere representation and immediacy over mediation. Still, surely the overarching characteristic is that of giving the common good of the res publica absolute priority over private interests with consequences such as the rejecting of factions and—in the last analysis—even of political parties. But there are also differences. The most important of these is that in the Platonic as opposed to the Aristotelian tradition the issue of self-government of all citizens is, to put it mildly, not prominent. If only for this reason, the danger of sliding into totalitarianism is greater in the Platonic than in the Aristotelian tradition of republicanism. Nevertheless, one could, on the whole, say that totalitarianism is the perversion of republicanism in the same sense that anarchy is the perversion of liberalism. To realize this, one need only bear in mind that, republicanism being fundamentally suspicious of political parties as potential factions, it more naturally leads to one-party rule than liberalism does. In addition, the

Book report: sula Essay

Sula is a novel written by Toni Morrison about uncertainty. The novel embarks into the ideas of good and evil and how these two can sometimes become similar. The novel looks into the unsolved mysteries of human emotions and relationships. In the end, the author ultimately concludes that social conventions are insufficient as a basis in living one’s life and that there are far more significant matters to life than these. The novel (Sula, 2002) looks at the many different ways in which people employ to make their lives more meaningful by defying easy answers, signifying the ambiguity, beauty and terror of life, in its triumphs and horrors. The novel has been written by Morrison (2002) from the philosophical nature while having her personal insights or experiences fill some of the novel’s pages. She managed to show both good and evil and that two women can actually become one by presenting the lives of two friends who are the main protagonists. The novel revolves around Bottom which is a mostly black community in Ohio, located in the hills above the community of Medallion. The novel tells about the special friendship of Nel and Sula who come from varying levels. Nel is a product of a family that believes profoundly in social conventions. She comes from a stable home. Nel is unsure of the conservative life her mother, Helene, wants for her. Nel’s doubts become more pronounced when she meets her grandmother Rochelle, a former prostitute and the only unconventional woman in her family line. Meanwhile, Sula’s family is different from that of Nel. Sula lives with her grandmother, Eva and her mother, Hannah, who are being viewed by the people as eccentric and loose. Their house serves as a home for three informally adopted boys all named Dewey and a perpetual number of borders. Sula and Nel may be different but they become attached with each other during their adolescent years until a traumatic accident changed all that. Sula accidentally dropped a boy named Chicken Little in a river and drowned when she losses her grip to the boy as he swung him around her hands. The two never told anyone about the accident having no intention of harming the boy. Soon, they simply grew apart. Eventually, Nel married and settled into the conventional role of wife and mother. Sula, on the other hand, took a different path and lived a life of independence and total disdain for social conventions. When she left her community, Sula had many affairs with men, some of whom were white. When she found others doing the same routine, she easily got bored and went back to the Bottom and to her friend Nel after 10 years. Because of her past, the town regarded Sula as an epitome of evil because of her obvious disregard of social conventions. Sula will soon develop an affair with her friend’s husband Jude who later abandoned Nel. This led to the breakup of the friendship of the two characters. Sula’s evilness somehow improved the lives of people in the community by providing them the motivation to live harmoniously with one another. Sula and Nel renewed their friendship before the former died. The novel is filled with a string of colorful characters in the persons of the following. Cecile is Helene’s strict and religious grandmother. She raised Helene since birth and made her marry Wiley Wright who happens to be her grand nephew. Nel, meanwhile, is the daughter of Helene, who developed an intense friendship with Sula in her adolescent years Nel marries Jude in the novel and was later abandoned by him. The other characters are Chicken Little who is a neighborhood boy who Sula accidentally dropped into the river and drowned when Sula swung him around by his hands. The Deweys are Eva’s three adopted children she all named Dewey. The three looked different from each other but people somehow saw them looked alike. The Deweys did not grow into full adult size. Old Willy Fields is another character in the novel who is an elderly in the local hospital. Mr. Finley is a resident of the Bottom who choked to death from a chicken bone soon after Sula returned to the community. Jude Greene is Nel’s husband and works as a waiter in the Hotel Medallion. Ajax is the oldest from seven siblings who had lovers fighting over him Ajax’s only true loves were his mother, a conjure woman and airplanes. He had a distinct way of instilling the most ordinary words with power. BoyBoy peach was Eva’s husband who abandoned her when the three children were still small. Eva worked so hard to keep her family away from hunger. She later became the energetic matriarch over a busy household, which included Hannah, Sula, Ralph, Tar Baby, the Deweys, among others. Hannah Peace is Eva’s oldest child. She moved back in with her mother after her husband, Rekus, died when their daughter, Sula, was three years old. Like her mother, Hannah loves â€Å"maleness. † She has frequent, brief affairs with the men who take her fancy. Many women resent her, but they don’t hate her. Men don’t gossip about her because she is a kind and generous woman. They often defend her against the harsh words of their wives. Pearl is Eva’s second child who married at the tender age of 14 and moved to Flint, Michigan. Ralph, nicknamed Plum, is Eva’s youngest and best-loved child who fought in the First World War and returned home with disturbing memories and an addiction to heroin. Rekus was Hannah’s husband and Sula’s father who died when Sula was only three years old. The novel is an interesting read. Anyone can easily relate with the characters presented. Good and evil may seem different, but like Morrison (2002) emphasized, the two may also appear similar. We can look at it at the way we view life. The evil actually teaches us to be string individuals and they pose as challenges for us to take. Without them, we may not be able to achieve the ultimate goodness. Work Cited: Toni Morrison, Sula. Plume; Oprah edition (April 5, 2002)

Prescription Drug Abuse in Teenagers Essay

Although prescription drugs are not harmful if used correctly, prescription drug abuse is high in teenagers. Most parents would never think their teenagers are helping themselves to prescription medicine sitting on ones counter. The truth is, prescription drug abuse in teenagers has become very common nowadays. The drugs are easily accessible at home, or cheap to buy at school. They are highly addictive and can even cause death. Putting one’s prescriptions in a safe place may save a childs life. Prescription drug addiction usually starts with experimentation. Teenagers may be trying prescription drugs because their friends are doing it or it may just be out of curiosity. Some teenagers will turn to prescription drugs to forget their problems. As the addiction progresses, it becomes harder and harder to stop using the prescription drugs (Smith, 2010). Experimentation rarely leads to a good outcome. If one’s child starts with a simple experiment of prescription drug use, odds are it will ultimately end with addiction. Smith (2010), states â€Å"Addiction is a complex disorder characterized by compulsive drug use. People who are addicted feel an overwhelming, uncontrollable need for drugs† (Drug abuse and addiction, para. 1). When one has repeated drug use it will permanently alter the brain. The long-lasting effect on the brain changes ones ability to think, use good judgment, control ones behavior, or feel normal without the drug. It is the drug cravings and compulsions to use that make the addiction so powerful. These cravings and compulsions to use are partly cause by the changes the drugs make to one’s brain (Smith, 2010). The average prescription drug abuser will start between the ages of 12 and 17. Every day about 2,500 teenagers in this age group abuse a prescription drug for the first time (Havens, 2009). â€Å"The number of high school students who are abusing prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone (OxyCotin), a potent and highly addictive opiate, or sedative is on the rise† (Freedman, (2006), para. 3). Stimulants are the most common used, next is opiates, followed by tranquilizers, and then sedatives (Parenting Teens, 2005). The pain relievers such as Vicoden or OxyCotin are used to achieve a high, whereas the sedatives such as Xanax and Valium are used to relax or calm. These drugs can lead to dependence and addiction. Stimulants such as Adderall, Ritalin, Dexedrine, or Provigil decrease ones appetite but increases ones alertness and attention. These are dangerous because they can cause addiction, seizures, or heart attacks. Stimulants are often used to lose weight of for studying. Steroids are used to built ones bodies or promote athletic performance. The dangers involved in consuming steroids are mental and physical health effects as well as serious sexual effects (Havens, 2009). Findings from a 2005 survey conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health â€Å"indicates that approximately 21% of the U. S. population age 12 and older report using any type of prescription drug nonmedically in their lifetime, 16% report us of opiate-type pain killers, 8% report tranquilizer use, 8% report stimulant use, and 2% report sedative use† (Ford, 2008, para. 10). The study also found that substance abuse can cause users to offend the law as well as impair good judgment. However, it has been found that the violations of the law are followed by the abuse of prescription drugs, or other illegal substances. Therefore if one’s teenager is addicted to prescription drugs, legal difficulties will probably follow. The researchers believe substance abuse is a definite road to a delinquent lifestyle (Ford, 2008). Reported prescription drug abuse by high school seniors in 2005 Parenting Teens (2005). According to Freedman (2006), an 18-year-old who lives in San Francisco believes as long as the prescription medication is taken properly, it is much safer than any street drug. According to the findings of the Partnership for a Drug-Free America study, forty percent said prescription were much safer than illegal drugs; while 31 percent said that there was nothing wrong with using prescription drugs once in a while† (â€Å"Prescription-Drug Use by Teens,† (2006), para. 1). Teenagers think that because a medication has a prescription for an individual, it makes it safe for everyone. Several factors are involved in prescribing certain medications such as medical conditions, age, other prescriptions on may be taking and the diagnosis of the individual. Most teenagers do not consider these factors when helping themselves to medications prescribed to someone else. Prescription drugs are easy for a teenager to acquire either from their doctors or from their own medicine cabinets. Most parents are not aware of the risks involved in leaving a bottle of prescription medication lying on the counter for everyone to have access. It will start with taking one or two at a time and then the teenager ultimately proceeds to steeling the entire bottle, buying the prescription medications at school from classmates or even lying to their doctors to obtain their own prescriptions. The increasing popularity of nonmedical prescription drug use is based on the putative advantages of prescription drugs over â€Å"street† drugs: the drugs are easier to obtain, there is less likelihood of arrest, use is more socially accepted, and there is a perception the prescription drugs are safer† (Ford, (2008), para. 10). Prevention is the best tool concerning teenagers and prescription drug abuse. Havens, (2009), â€Å"Most teenagers say parents are not discussing the dangers of prescription drugs with them† (6 Steps to Prevent Prescription Drug Abuse in Teens, para. ). It is the parent’s responsibility to monitor closely the prescription medication in the home and purchase a lock box if necessary to keep one’s teenager safe. One needs to educate one’s teenagers in the dangers of prescription medication and the factors that go into prescribing those medications to each individual. Take it as far as asking the family physician to speak with one’s teenager if necessary. Sometimes they listen to strangers better than their own parents. Take the time to ensure there are no or out-of-date medications in the home. If these medications are no longer needed, dispose of them properly by flushing those (Havens, 2009). Parents are not always aware of how dangerous their own medication can be to their teenagers. MSNBC (2010). Parents also need to educate themselves in the signs associated with prescription drug abuse. Some of the thing one needs to watch for with their teenager behavior is neglecting responsibilities, getting into legal trouble, and even problems with the relationships with one’s friends. If ones teenager is starting to fall on school grades, not do chores at home, or even skipping school a pattern of neglecting responsibilities in beginning to develop. Behavior to watch for in relationships with friends would be losing longtime friends, and sometimes fist fighting with them. One may also be fighting more than usual with one’s siblings or ones boss at the job. The signs of legal trouble can be anywhere from simple disorderly conduct to any type of major crime. If ones teenager suddenly becomes involved with the law, something is wrong (Smith, 2010). The most noticeable physical signs of a prescription drug addiction is if ones pupils are bigger or smaller than normal, ones eyes are bloodshot, grooming habit deteriorate, unusual odor on breath or clothing, slurred speech, bad coordination, and tremors (Smith, 2010). Psychological warnings one can detect are (Smith, 2010), â€Å"Unexplained change in personality or attitude, sudden mood swings, irritability, or anger outbursts, periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness, lack of motivation; appears lethargic or â€Å"spaced out†, appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason† (Drug abuse and addiction, para. 9). Warning signs that tend to show more in teenagers are when one starts being secretive about their friends, one has a new interest in one’s clothing styles, and ones teenager is suddenly in need or more privacy then usual. If one has money, valuables, or prescription medication missing, one may need to consider the possibility of one’s teenager developing a prescription drug addiction. Other common signs are depression, withdrawing from the family, using incense to hide the smell, or eye drops to cover the dilated or bloodshot (Smith, 2010). Drug rehabilitation can be a costly, but necessary, adventure. According to ChooseHelp, (2010), â€Å"the professional staff involvement at any comprehensive and quality rehab facility disallows bargain treatment, and you need to be prepared to spend a significant amount of money to get a quality and effective treatment program (The Cost of Drug Rehab, para. 3). † Considering all cost involved in housing, feeding, drug therapies, and professional involvement, prices can range from a few thousand dollars a month all the way up to $30,000 per month (ChooseHelp, 2010). Several insurance companies will absorb most of the financial burden. One needs to contact one’s private insurance company and receive all details pertaining to this type of treatment. If one contacts one’s local State Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation Council, there are programs available to those that cannot pay nor have any insurance. One needs to take into consideration the seriousness of this addiction. When it involves a prescription drug addiction, one cannot let the cost be a factor in the determination of the treatment. According to ChooseHelp (2010), â€Å"family programs can help to heal a family harmed by the destruction and heartache of abuse; and bring back a healthier dynamic to the family as a whole (Families Need to be a Part of the Process, para. 3). † One needs to decide how much family involvement will be in the rehab process. Family involvement is extremely important not only for the family but for the addict as well. When family member are learning about the addiction from trained professionals as well as other families facing the same situation, families are taught what is most beneficial for the teen and it assures the family that they are not esponsible for the addiction (ChooseHelp, 2010). When seeking a prescription drug treatment center for teenager one needs to consider a program involving patient education as well as family education. The program should offer counseling sessions with a therapist or psychologist as well as peer group session involving several families. One needs to choose a facility close to home to achieve adequate family involvement (ChooseHelp, 2010). When the rehabilitation program is successfully completed it is also important to continue care in an outside group such as Alcohol Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. Information for these meetings can be obtained in one’s local phone book. If the teenager in the home has been acting differently and medication is running out sooner than usual, take the steps necessary to help him or her. Admitting he or she may be addicted to prescription drugs is not easy but the help one can receive for him or her may save his or her life. Pay attention to the warning signs, ask questions at the doctor appointments and try not to have addictive medication prescribed to one’s child, especially if the child has had a problem in the past with any type of addiction. Be careful where prescription medications are located and consider investing in a lock box. It may be a decision that saves ones teenagers’ life. If one discovers one’s teenager has a prescription drug addiction, or any other addiction, do not be afraid to seek help. Money does not need to be an issue in saving ones life. References http://www.choosehelp.com/drug-rehab/families-need-to-be-a-part-of-the-process http://www.choosehelp.com/drug-rehab/the-costs-of-drug-rehab http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/12803776/ns/health-addictions/

The eNotes Blog 5 Jack London Quotes About Life andMeaning

5 Jack London Quotes About Life andMeaning Jack London was born on this day in 1876. Decades after his time on earth, many of us still hold The Call of the Wild,  To Build a Fire,  White Fang, and his  other works  close to our hearts fraught with wanderlust. His writing  instills a sense of adventure, enjoyed by young and old readers alike to this day. Here are  five of our favorite quotes that reflect Londons voice and  resilient nature, as he instructs us to live a proper life to the fullest. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time. He lacked the wisdom an the only way for him to get it was to buy it with his youth; and when wisdom was his, youth would have been spent buying it. The trouble with his was that he was without imagination. He was quick and alert in the things of life, but only in the things, and not in the  significances. I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate. There is an ecstasy that marks the summit of life, and beyond which life cannot rise. And such is the paradox of living, this  ecstasy  comes when one is most alive and it comes as a complete forgetfulness that  one is alive.

Free Essays on The Franklins Tale

â€Å"There was a Franklin with him, it appeared; white as a daisy-petal was his beard. As Justice at the Sessions none stood higher; He often had been Member for the Shire. As Sheriff he checked audit every entry. He was a model among landed gentry† (p12). â€Å"The Franklin’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer is an admirable, noble, honorable love tale which, in some ways intertwines with â€Å"the Knight’s Tale.† In both Tales it’s a first sight love where marriage is a strong unbreakable bond where the women are not only the servants but the husbands to behind closed doors at least. Arveragus, a noble knight in Brittany, pronounced his undying love for Dorigen, who â€Å"amongst the loveliest under the sun† and she came from family â€Å"so high a kind.† Dorigen finally in the end â€Å"saw his worthiness† and felt ashamed for all the sorrow and anguish he had suffered and â€Å"took him as her beloved husband and lord†. Arveragus gave his promise as a knight that he would never darken her delight (p409). He took this promise to honor and obey her and all her love always keeping her first and never trying to use or abuse his authority against her, for that would bring shame upon his honor. With all his promises he had made to her Dorigen vowed to never break or harm the free run he set upon her and to be truthful, loving, caring, humble wife. They both vowed that if this not be true their hearts should be broken without a doubt. With all their love and obedience to each other they moved to his homeland. They lived a year of blissful love when he decided to go to Britain seeking higher arms and higher reputation in honor. He said he would only be gone a year, but was gone two years. Dorigen wept and moaned with soar for all the days he was gone. She made herself sick with worry. She would walk along the cliffs looking and watching the wave’s crash on to the black rocks below praying to god that he would vanish the rocks for her h... Free Essays on The Franklin's Tale Free Essays on The Franklin's Tale â€Å"There was a Franklin with him, it appeared; white as a daisy-petal was his beard. As Justice at the Sessions none stood higher; He often had been Member for the Shire. As Sheriff he checked audit every entry. He was a model among landed gentry† (p12). â€Å"The Franklin’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer is an admirable, noble, honorable love tale which, in some ways intertwines with â€Å"the Knight’s Tale.† In both Tales it’s a first sight love where marriage is a strong unbreakable bond where the women are not only the servants but the husbands to behind closed doors at least. Arveragus, a noble knight in Brittany, pronounced his undying love for Dorigen, who â€Å"amongst the loveliest under the sun† and she came from family â€Å"so high a kind.† Dorigen finally in the end â€Å"saw his worthiness† and felt ashamed for all the sorrow and anguish he had suffered and â€Å"took him as her beloved husband and lord†. Arveragus gave his promise as a knight that he would never darken her delight (p409). He took this promise to honor and obey her and all her love always keeping her first and never trying to use or abuse his authority against her, for that would bring shame upon his honor. With all his promises he had made to her Dorigen vowed to never break or harm the free run he set upon her and to be truthful, loving, caring, humble wife. They both vowed that if this not be true their hearts should be broken without a doubt. With all their love and obedience to each other they moved to his homeland. They lived a year of blissful love when he decided to go to Britain seeking higher arms and higher reputation in honor. He said he would only be gone a year, but was gone two years. Dorigen wept and moaned with soar for all the days he was gone. She made herself sick with worry. She would walk along the cliffs looking and watching the wave’s crash on to the black rocks below praying to god that he would vanish the rocks for her h...

Buddhism and Christianity Essay Example for Free

Buddhism and Christianity Essay Christian (302) , Buddhism (146) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints While both Christianity and Buddhism were religions that encourages kindness and renunciation of wealth, Christianity caused a stir with Jesus’ hatred against the greedy rich and powerful and his alliance with the lower class, which eventually lead to his execution, whereas Buddhism’s leader, Buddha, spread a message that was not threatening to the high class, letting him live his life until his natural death at 80. This Venn diagram compares and contrasts Buddhism and Christianity. It represents my key knowledge and thinking skills by showing my ability to diagnose important similarities and differences between the two major religions, My Venn diagram is okay, but there is room for improvement. It lists some key similarities and differences, but they are worded in an awkward manner. Christianity * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion  * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion Changes Changes Continuities Continuities * Strong denial of gods of other Religions * The Bible stayed a constant Main religious text for Christianity * Extremely Monotheistic * * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore  * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. Changes Changes Continuities Continuities Hinduism Hinduism Open to everyone * Caste system * Intentional misinterpretation of Hindu texts To keep patriarchy While Christianity and Hinduism both had continuities of (respectively) a strong sense of denial of other religions’ gods and a strong caste system, both had major changes such as going from a heavily persecuted religion to the Roman Empire’s official religion and switching from animal sacrifices to personal sacrifices. The two tables show changes and continuities for two  major religions, Christianity and Hinduism. The table shows my key thinking skills by being able to point out key continuities and changes. My Table is a little bit sparse on the continuities side, but the changes for Christianity are plentiful. I need to work on researching with more effort. Although the four main religions, Buddhism, Brahmanism, Hinduism and Christianity affected the role of women, the poor social role of women outside of church was uniform in all the regions of these religions. Patriarchy is very much alive in all of them. My spoke diagram shows a variety of religions. The statements are also positive and negative towards patriarchy. It shows my key thinking skills by displaying quotes for all the statements. My spoke diagram could use more statements, five seems like enough, but more would be better. I think I did a great job on putting quotes for all the statements. Analyze similarities and differences in attitudes and treatment towards women in TWO of the following societies in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) or Analyze similarities and differences in methods of political control in TWO of the following empires in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) cause of the cast system and its traditions, India had more of a social code of conduct instead of rigid laws. Tradition of having local princes also was a cause of the fall of the Maurya Empire, because they made it easier to rebel against the main government During the HAN dynasty, Confucianism came back into government with high sights on education, the tradition of using the mandate of heaven ensured that the Han Empire fell by 3rd century CE. And the Qin Empire fell in a mere 20 years since he lost his mandate of heaven Confucianism taught orderly society with relationships. The tradition of bureaucracy in the Chinese government kept power in the wealthy class. * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause Effect * Christians were expelled from the Roman Empire * Theodosius made Christianity the  Roman Empire’s Official religion * St. Paul wished to make Christianity A major religion * St. Paul wanted to spread the Religion throughoutCause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Cause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Roman Empire Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas * After Buddha’s death monks also traveled in India * Monks traveled along the Silk Road * Asoka was appalled by the bloody Battle of Kalinga Thesis: Although both Christianity and Buddhism spread along the Silk Road, Christianity moved along this trade network because of exiled Christians who were seeking a home away from the Roman Empire, whereas Buddhism spread voluntarily, with monks successfully trying to convert the Chinese. The cause and effect table lists the causes and the effects of the spread of two major religions, Buddhism and Christianity. It displays my abilities to  make connections to major effects and their causes. The table is okay. It has four causes and effects for both religions, which is not great. For Buddhism, it seems a little too focused on monks traveling to spread Buddhism. Although both China and India’s political systems were influenced by tradition, India’s caste system created no need for laws, while the qin dynasty’s legalistic system created very rigid ones. The two flowcharts show a continual effect of tradition or religion on India and China’s political systems. It displays my abilities to connect separate events into one continuous lineage of facts. The flowcharts do point out main ideas I was trying to display, but they seem a little bit incoherent at times. Buddhism and Christianity. (2016, Oct 03). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Business Law (International) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law (International) - Coursework Example The United States Supreme court has stated that "The legal right of an individual to decrease the amount of what would otherwise be his taxes or altogether avoid them, by means which the law permits, cannot be doubted." [Wikipedia] Tax can be averted by: To minimize their tax liability within the United States and to try to reduce tax disadvantages, a growing number of American corporations have been moving their headquarters offshore, a procedure known as â€Å"corporate inversion.† A corporation opens a subsidiary in another country’s jurisdiction. That subsidiary then buys up the shares or assets of the parent corporation, becoming the legal â€Å"Mother Company,† with the U.S. facility now transformed into the subsidiary. Virtually nothing else changes as a result of this inversion. Manufacturing, jobs, sales, and marketing remain as they were before. It is basically just a paperwork process to shift the company’s ownership outside the United States to avoid such fiscal disadvantages as double-taxing of earnings. It is not costless. The formal selling of the shares by the stockholders results in a capital gains on which they then have a tax liability to the U.S. government, even though those sold shares are merely transferred into shares of the newly relocated company. Yet a growing number of companies have chosen to make this move with shareholder approval because of the long-run tax savings for the corporation. (Clarkson, 2008) One company, Seasons Steel of Australia, Sydney, made this shift to Bermuda because they estimated that while capital gains taxes owed by shareholders to the U.S. Treasury would be as much as $150 million as a result of the inversion, the company would save as much as $30 million per year in tax liabilities. Assuming a 2.5 percent interest rate, over 10 years this would result in a savings of $263 million in present-value terms. At the same time, the company estimated that the higher profitability of the firm resulting from the

Strategic Planning for International Travel Essay

Strategic Planning for International Travel - Essay Example In the "Strategic planning for international travel" essay, the author describes the prevailing situation in the travel industry in the United Kingdom. The importance of International travel, infrastructure and public-private partnership for UK International Travel are described. Most of the European countries belong to the category of developed nation, and the countries like United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, Italy etc are the major economic powers. As this paper deals with the international travel of UK, the focus will be on this country. European nations are economically and technically developed and hence, their transportation and travel system are quite advanced. UK is one of the leading financial powers of Europe. Its GDP as per purchasing power is nearly $2.189 trillion and per capita GDP is recorded $35,100 during 2010 (CIA, 2011). After the financial crisis of 2007-2008, its economic growth has experienced a steep downfall. However, UK’s economy is now at its recov ering stage and government is trying to bring further developments by encouraging trade and business. Tours and travels is an important aspect for the growth of trade and business and hence, the government is trying to improve its infrastructure and technology for availing better transportation system. The services industries are playing very crucial role in UK as 75% of its GDP is contributed by these services sectors. UK’s services industries include a number of sectors like transport, communication, financial, distribution, distribution, tourism etc. (U.S. Department of State, 2010). Increases trade and business activities in UK have necessitated major infrastructural and

Improving diversity in hospital boards Research Paper

Improving diversity in hospital boards - Research Paper Example As a nation, the U.S is a melting point of multiple ethnic and racial subgroups thus, ensuring workplace diversity is essential in order to meet the various needs and demands of the diverse population. There is a need for workplace diversity as according to statistics the number Hispanic population by 2050 is expected to triple while that of the blacks is expected to double, as the white remains the same yet workplace diversity is an important challenge. The Hispanics constitute 12 percent of the American population and only 2 percent of nurse’s work as healthcare providers, and the same case applies to the black Americans. Diversity in the health care delivery system is important as it improves the access to care among the racial and ethnic small groups; it enhances a greater patient satisfaction and a better patient communication. Moreover, it enhances the cultural competence of the health care personnel that is associated with greater health care outcomes (Rosenbaum & Leona rd, 2013). The effective running of hospitals and other healthcare institutions will largely be determined by an effective cooperation between the hospital management and the board in the governance. Hospital boards play an essential role in ensuring that there is diversity in the workforce as part of their support in hospital setting. A diverse hospital board will ensure that all the needs of the different groups of people are met in an effort of reflecting and responding to the different patient’s needs. In ensuring that there is an improvement in the hospital board’s diversity, it is important for healthcare organizations to act in accordance with the diversity, policies and legislation stipulated to protect individuals from discrimination (van Knippenberg & Schippers, 2007). Thus, the health institutions need to obey the laws to ensure that there is diversity in the hospital workforce to meet the diverse needs of the patient’s population. Being aware of the

Management Techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Techniques - Research Paper Example Without increasing employee productivity, it is impossible for a company to achieve required goals and objectives in the given time frame. According to Kimball and Nink (2006), employee productivity and engagement are imperative for the success of companies. That is the reason why managers of almost all companies give extreme importance to increase employee productivity and efficiency. Managers use effective management techniques not only to improve their productivity at the workplace but also to motivate them to do their best for the benefit of the company. Let us now discuss some of the common management techniques that managers of most of the companies use to improve overall functioning of their companies in competitive environments. Some of the most common management techniques being used by the managers all over the world include building effective workforce, growth management, incentives and bonuses, and increasing the use of technology. Let us now discuss all of these management techniques to get a better understanding of how managers use these techniques for the growth of their companies. One of the main management techniques used by most of the managers is to build an effective workforce that can help the company achieve its goals and objectives successfully. According to Mabey and Ramirez (2005), managing development greatly contributes to improved firm performance. Managers usually undergo a complete human resource recruitment process for selecting talented individuals whose job competency matches with the requirements of the jobs being offered. They create job descriptions for all of the jobs that they plan to advertise and post them in famous newspapers and magazines. Upon receiving the applications, they analyze each of those and select only those applicants who possess the required set of skills, abilities, and qualification. Once the mangers are done

Cocacola and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cocacola and Ethics - Essay Example Coca Cola has long been embroiled in competition with other beverage brands such as Pepsi. The company has marketing tactics that are largely anticompetitive. It is aggressive in its quest for joint ventures, mergers, and acquisition, in a manner that does not encourage perfect competition and sustainability in the market. It contravened European laws in its aggressive tactics through rebates and discounts to crowd shelves with its products (457). Another issue is health concerns from contamination and pollution. There are reports of people becoming ill, specifically in Belgium, because of the consumption of Coca Cola products. The cause was the improper processing of a batch of carbon dioxide. The slow response to the situation, and its dismissal as a minor issue worsened the situation because of the public outcry on health concerns. There were reports in France about health effects of the company’s products, and later mold-contaminated products arrived in Poland (456). Health issues also include its relationship to obesity and claims that some of its ingredients contribute to cancer. The company has faced court cases from African American employees on racial discrimination. The areas of discrimination, in the 1999 case, involved delayed promotion, pitiable remuneration, and performance evaluation. African Americans earned less than their Caucasian counterparts did in comparable jobs, regardless of qualification, skill, and work output. This came after its attempt corporate social responsibility to purchase most of its products from minority vendors. It had to spend millions to settle the claims and lessen public unrest about the racial diversity issues. Coca-Cola has been accused of groundwater contamination and depletion. Research studies indicate that its bottling plant in India released pesticides that contaminated the water. It encountered a drop in sales because of the pollution saga. In addition, the public accused Coca Cola of

Indian Bronze Sculpture at the Art Institute Chicago Essay

Indian Bronze Sculpture at the Art Institute Chicago - Essay Example In that sense, Shiva is also the deity of reproduction. Because of the association with death and anger, Shiva is the most-feared god in Hindu religion and at the same time, is the epitome of love and salvation. Shiva is also the Mahayogi, the greatest ascetic who through his intense meditation breaks the barriers for the river Ganga to flow down to the plains from his abode in Mount Kailash in the Himalayas. His love for his consort, Parvati, is intense and depicts the tense relationship between man and woman (1stholic). The symbolism in Shiva's physical features depicts the earthly life cycle. The torrent of the Ganga river that Shiva brings about through his meditation flow as Shiva's locks of hair, thereafter transforming into the seven big rivers in the land. Among the physical attributes of Lord Shiva, other than the cobra (symbolizing worldly forces), a skull (implying Shiva as lord of finale) and the mermaid Ganga also find the falcate moon (the container of the holy nectar). Shiva wears two earrings - the right ear has a Linga or male earring and the left ear has a Yoni or female earring. The image, in other words, is androgynous and includes both male and female. Shiva has four arms and two feet, the body carrying strap and ornaments of the classical dancer. Rising out of Apasmara is the "circle of fire" (the Prabha Mandala), namely, the real circle of creation--this observed world where we are placed in. Lastly, the whole image sits on a lotus base, lotus being a symbol of cleanliness grow ing out of the dim waters of the mysterious (Objectives For Myths, indiana.edu). Shiva, the lord of the Lingam (or sexuality), the husband of Shakti-Devi (or Parvati), is also Nataraja, King of Dance, who transforms man into a higher level. In Hindu philosophy, dancing is considered as an art form in which the dancer is metamorphosed into a being gifted with extraordinary powers. The dance, like yoga, generates daze, elation, the experience of the celestial, the self- realization ("atmanam biddhi") and, lastly, uniting with the godly spirit. The dance, in Hindu societies, has grown along with the remarkable rigors of the meditation - fasting, breathing exercises, total withdrawal. To work magic upon others, one has to be fascinated oneself and dance is an act of creation, resulting in a new state and taking the dancer to a new and higher persona, stirring dormant energies to mold the world (Zimmer, Philosophies of India). The typical Nataraj is shown with four hands, two on either side, the upper left hand gripping a flame, the lower left hand indicating down to the devil Muyalaka, or dwarf (Apasmara) symbolizing unawareness, shown to be holding a cobra. The demon is trampled by Shiva's right foot and the other foot is lifted. The upper right hand clutches a drum, the lower one is in the abhaymudra ('be without fear'). The hair is plaited and jeweled, some of his locks reeling as he dances; inside the crinkles of his hair are a coiled cobra, a skull, and the form of Ganga, the Hindu holy river. The whole figure stands on a lotus plinth bordered by a ring of flames, touched by the hands gripping the drum and the fire (Coomaraswamy, 1957). The dance represents five activities: Shrishti (creation, progress); Sthiti (conservation, maintainence); Samhara (annihilation,

Cocacola and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cocacola and Ethics - Essay Example Coca Cola has long been embroiled in competition with other beverage brands such as Pepsi. The company has marketing tactics that are largely anticompetitive. It is aggressive in its quest for joint ventures, mergers, and acquisition, in a manner that does not encourage perfect competition and sustainability in the market. It contravened European laws in its aggressive tactics through rebates and discounts to crowd shelves with its products (457). Another issue is health concerns from contamination and pollution. There are reports of people becoming ill, specifically in Belgium, because of the consumption of Coca Cola products. The cause was the improper processing of a batch of carbon dioxide. The slow response to the situation, and its dismissal as a minor issue worsened the situation because of the public outcry on health concerns. There were reports in France about health effects of the company’s products, and later mold-contaminated products arrived in Poland (456). Health issues also include its relationship to obesity and claims that some of its ingredients contribute to cancer. The company has faced court cases from African American employees on racial discrimination. The areas of discrimination, in the 1999 case, involved delayed promotion, pitiable remuneration, and performance evaluation. African Americans earned less than their Caucasian counterparts did in comparable jobs, regardless of qualification, skill, and work output. This came after its attempt corporate social responsibility to purchase most of its products from minority vendors. It had to spend millions to settle the claims and lessen public unrest about the racial diversity issues. Coca-Cola has been accused of groundwater contamination and depletion. Research studies indicate that its bottling plant in India released pesticides that contaminated the water. It encountered a drop in sales because of the pollution saga. In addition, the public accused Coca Cola of

Janis Joplin Essay Example for Free

Janis Joplin Essay Perhaps Ralph Waldo Emerson was right and may as well have referred to Janis Joplin as he was saying this quotation had he lived during Joplin’s time. With her death at a young age of 27, it had been a short-lived life the musical genius Janis Joplin had. We may not know whether or not her cousins can tell nothing about her but her life deserves to be relived and I am here to write about it. A look into the context in which she lived will help give a better understanding of how the course of her life was influenced and came to be the way it was. Janis Joplin is one of the most prominent individuals in the 1960s, an era considered to be a revolution of sorts. Beginnings On the morning of January 19, 1943, Janis Lyn was born to be the eldest child of Seth and Dorothy Joplin. It was years later that she would have younger siblings Michael and Laura making them a middle-class family composing of five members. Growing up in an industrial town called Port Arthur in Texas crowded with oil refineries, chemical plants, factories, and rows of oil-storage tanks with fumes hanging in the air, it wasn’t the best place to satisfy the brilliant and inquisitive little Janis as there wasn’t much room for activities and recreations. Although that was the case, she did well in school, having a great interest and aptitude for reading and painting. As a child, she already had a reputation for singing as one of the soloists in their church choir. According to one of her friends, she had been popular in Port Arthur as a talented and cute little girl. Janis considered her childhood as relatively pleasant. It was only at the age of fourteen, as confessed in many of her various interviews, that she felt like the world turned on her. That was the time she gained weight and had acne problems, problems which meant most than anything for teenagers. The eventual lost of her looks coincided badly with her entry to the highschool world where the popular girls were the ones with good looks and Janis just fell behind (Echols, 2000). While at the Thomas Jefferson highschool, Janis took rejection by heart (Amburn, 1993). Used to having attention on her, she started acting out and whilst she began to receive attention, she even emphasized her being different. She was determined to keep the attention on her even if it was a negative one. She became a beatnik girl who would flaunt her eccentric clothes ranging from above-the-knee skirts, black or purple tights coupled with liking unconventional and ‘different’ liberal arts and music. As Echols put it, â€Å"she was bent on becoming an eyesore, an affront to everything the townspeople believed in. Indeed, Janis was eager to defy as many social conventions as she could. This made her parents unhappy- â€Å"she just changed totally, overnight† quoting her mother Dorothy. As an underage girl, her defiant attitude was too much that one incident happened involving the police after she took a ride with her male friends who were overage. This made her even more the topic of talks and gossips around their Pleasantville of a town. She was much into music and drinking, acting as if these two things are wedded. And this always gets her into trouble. She was often sent to the counselor’s office for misbehavior and drinking (Echols, 2000). Her parents were baffled and felt helpless. Joplin’s rebellious proclivity was unwavering, she just wanted to be different and be free to express herself. Little did they know that Janis’ rebellious actions symbolize the beginning of an inevitable social revolution and an â€Å"emerging generation gap† that was about to come(Echols, 2000). The fact was: it wasn’t just Joplin; it was going to be a collective movement. The Sixties was well on its way. The Sixties†, as it is often used in popular culture by some journalists, historians and other academes, has seen many varied influential and transforming trends in culture and ideologies which can be described as nothing less than exciting, powerful, radical and even rebellious. It was a time when people are trying to break free from the rigid and conformist social norms and social constraints in search for individual freedom (Booker, 1970). It could be said that this period of history has a great impact on Janis Joplin and further influenced not only her genius but how her entire life turned out. Musical Inclination Music would eventually become a passion for Joplin. Aside from singing in their local church choir, Janis developed her musical interest further after befriending a group of outsiders as a teenager. She and this gang would listen and idolize African-American Blues artists such as Leadbelly whose album was the first she claimed she ever purchased (Echols, 2000). During highschool she continued listening to blues music and listened to other blues artists like Bessie Smith, Big Mama Thornton and Odetta. And even later on, she will begin singing blues and folks songs together with some friends, imitating the artists’ husky yet soulful voices. Amburn, 1993). She always had a gut feel about her singing ability but it wasn’t until she imitated Odetta and performed one of her songs which stunned her friends that she she confirmed, she indeed â€Å"has a voice. † Her early efforts included playing in coffee houses in their small town. Talent, Notoriety and Fame In 1963, she left for San Francisco and found herself residing in North Beach. She also ventured to other places like Venice, the Village, New York and Haight-Ashbury acquiring further experiences and experimenting on her music and creativity. It wasn’t just a year ago that she started taping her first song at a friend’s house and a year after she would record more songs with her friends Jorma Kaukonen and Martha Kaukonen providing her accompaniments. An album called Typewriter tape will be released containing seven tracks including â€Å"Long Black Train Blues,† â€Å"Nobody Knows You When Youre Down and Out,† â€Å"Typewriter Talk,† Kansas City Blues,† â€Å"Trouble In Mind,† â€Å" Hesitation Blues,† and â€Å"Daddy, Daddy, Daddy† . As the Sixties progress, various movements are emerging from the left and right. The counterculture and social revolution was spreading. A popular term emerged as the hippies, a youth movement characterized strongly by a shift towards a more liberated society. It includes the questioning groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including sexual revolution, questioning of authority and government, fighting for the freedom and rights of the marginalized groups including Negroes, women, homosexuals, and minorities. The use of marijuana, heroine, LSD and various others drugs and listening to psychedelic music were also rampant. Janis would not be left behind and took part in these movements. Joplin’s waywardness continued well into those years. Around that time, she increased her drug use and took on a reputation as a frequent heroine user and a thrill-freak (Amburn, 1993). She was also heavy on alcohol and other intoxicants and even engaged in sexual high. In 1965, she was described as skeletal, even emaciated due to the effects of her amphetamine use (Amburn, 1993). For some time, she was convinced by her friends to become sober and to refrain from drug use. An old friend and then manager Chet Helms of a group called Big Brother was attracted by Joplin’s bluesy voice. On June 4, 1966, Joplin officially joined the band. Their first public performance was in San Francisco at the Avalon Ballroom. Her drug use was kept at bay with the help of her friends who she lived within a communal apartment (Friedman, 1992). They signed a deal with Mainstream Records on the 23rd of August of 1966. A year after, the band released their debut album by Columbia Records. Joplin and her band gradually gained fame after several follow-up performances including those in Monterey Pop Festival, appearances in television such as The Dick Cavett Show. She received positive reviews from various magazines labelling her as a powerful singer and a staggering woman of rock and roll. Eventually, she would leave the Big Brother band and went for a solo career and would later form a band called the Kozmic Blues and another group, which she would call her as her own called the Full Tilt Boogie Band. After breaking up again with the band, she recorded several songs which would be released after her death and would become the highest-selling album of her career. It included the best hit single †Me and Bobby McGee†, a cover of Kris Kristofferson’s who had been her ex-lover. Janis Joplin died on October 4, 1970 at the age of 27 years. Legacy Janis Joplin can be considered as the Queen of Rock and Roll in the late 1960s. She was a music icon which would influence the music scene in the years to come. She was an established female star who had success in a male-dominant music scene. Fans and musical experts alike would consider her songs as immortal and contiunes to influence modern day music and artists. She also made contributions to the fashion industry. The way she dressed herself had been another avenue for her self-expression. In interview after interviews, she would update the media of her latest fashion statement from her clothes, to her hair styles, hair accessories, body decorations, and body accessories. She would also affect the movie industry influencing and inspiring movie directors, actors and actresses such as Better Midler especially in the 1979 film entitled The Rose which would garner her an academy nomination for her performance as Janis Joplin. Other films were also produced based on her life including Gospel According to Janis. A musical play was composed in the 1990s, which will then win a praise and be lauded together with the outstanding performances of the artists who would play Janis. She would also receive posthumous awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievment and the induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the arts, some of her personal artifacts including the Porsche she owned were displayed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Musuem Exhibition which will serve as a testimony to the psychedelic era dubbed as â€Å"The Summer of Love- Art of the Psychedelic Era†. This made people reminisce to that nostalgic and definitely not-forgotten era of the human history. Truly, Janis Joplin was a genius not only of her time but her genius continues to live and influence various industried today.

Reasons for Government Involvement in Tourism

Reasons for Government Involvement in Tourism What is tourism? Tourism can be defined in more than one way. Conceptually, it refers to the ideas and opinions people hold which shape their decisions about going on trips, about where to go, and what to do (Leiper 1995). Technically, it refers to the activities of the persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, health, business and other purposes (Leiper 1990, Pearce 1989). From the sociological point of view, tourism also refers to commercialized hospitality, democratized travel, a modern variety of the traditional pilgrimage, and an expression of basic cultural themes (Cohen 1984). However, the most significant form of tourism is its relations with the economic development of a country. In many countries, tourism is an economic activity which consumes a large part of its natural resources, generates revenue of billions of dollars every year and involving thousands of stakeholders and the general pu blic. As a result, it is one of the most important responsibilities of the government as to the planning, facilitating, coordinating, monitoring and protecting of tourism of that country. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) has conducted an examination on the involvement of the governments in tourism. According to Richardson Fluker (2004), a government has the responsibilities of establishing the framework of tourism, constructing infrastructure and communications; promoting the tourist destinations to the visitors, providing legislations, regulations and controls for tourism and the protecting the interests of the stakeholders. As Accrcnza (1985) pointed out there are basic stages in tourism planning which required the involvement of the government. They are analysis of previous tourism development, evaluation of the present position of tourism, formulation of tourism policy, definition of development strategy and elaboration of an action programme. All these require large amount of manpower and resources which are impossible for private sectors to manage. For instance, in establishing the framework of tourism, a functioning tourism system is identified which might affect governments decision on tourists destinations. Two major major force, demand (marketers) and supply (development), are to be considered in this respect. While the demand side is tourists who are going to the destinations, the supply side is related to the land and the geographic characteristics of the destinations (Gunn 1993). In addition, the supply side also made up of five major components, the attraction; transportation; services; info rmation and promotion. The attraction is the most powerful element as it helps to encourage and increase the desire of the tourists to visit the area. However, to develop the attraction, it may also involve the considerations of such external factors as the natural resources and the cultural resources. The natural resources provide the foundation for tourism development which preferred by tourist, such as water life; vegetative cover; wildlife; topography, soils, geology and climate, atmosphere. The Cultural resources are important for attractions developed as historic; ethnic national, craft and related economic development. As a result it may require the government to win the support of the community regarding the development of these destinations as the community is a significant factor on the functioning of tourism. Its acceptance and willingness to support tourism industries would greatly facilitate the long term development of the sites. Transportation which enable tourist to travel to different destinations; and services and information such as shops, banks and restaurants; are two other components of the supply side. As Gunn (1993) pointed out it was the responsibility of the government to create new and improve physical plants such as superstructure and infrastructure. Superstructure refers to the land and building developments used directly by travelers, such as hotels, restaurants and attractions. Infrastructure is applied to necessary support developments, such as roads, airports, water supply and fire protection. These public facilities have to be provided by the government so as to promote the growth of tourism. In addition, (Gee, Dexrer James 1984) physical development of tourism is made up a great diversity for business, government, and nonprofit components, such as direct provider, include transportation, travel agencies and restaurant; the support services which are tour organizers, management; and the developmental organization include planners and government agencies. Regarding the promotion of the tourist industry which helps to increase tourist to visit that area, government agencies have an important role as the promoter in this industry. Advertising in mass media and internet is very important in promoting and stimulating travel to the destinations. Familiarization tours and travel shows can provide information and attract tourist to visit that destination. Moreover, if they are organized by the government, they will become promises with reputation and will increase the numbers of the visitors significantly. Tourism product such as parks, historic sites or convention centers can increase the tourist flow, but these attraction products must be aware as a promised. If tourists discover the destination is not the same as its promise, it may affect the number of tourist who willing to come to the destination (Gunn 1993, Pearce 1989). Therefore, management of these tourism products has to be carefully supervised and monitored. Management is to make institutions capable of producing result (Drucker 1998). According to Richardson Fluker (2004), the management method which adopted by the WTO are the consulting with various stakeholders through meetings with industry, advisory groups and the general public The aim of these meetings is to discuss specific subjects such as strategic planning; issues on tourism industry such as promotions and regulations; setting up and funding of specialized tourism agencies which help to develop the tourism industry, and providing facilities and operations in ord er to provide money or facilities for national or communities interest. Moreover the meetings are also about creating the appropriate fiscal, regulatory and social environment within private business; and adjudicating between conflicting interest on society which are concerned with the environment, recreation and wildlife recourses. As we can see, management is also related to the protection on destinations interest. It is very important in tourism industry. Decision-making through managerial perceptions and the objective dimensions of tourism industry structure influence the natural environmental resources. The tourism resorts and its environment are necessary for survival and growth. The strategic managers have the most responsibility to that environment. As a result, the planning process in tactical (short-term) and strategic (long term) has to be carefully considered and monitored as it can improve the tourism industry performance and allow an effective response to a continually changing environment (Knowles, Dianmantis El-Mourhabi 2004). All in all, the development of tourism of one country is closely related to the policies of that government. According to Richardson Fluker (2004), policy is a course of action adopted and pursued by a government, expressed as a broad statement of general intent which guides the actions of public servants and others in carrying out the governments wishes. In other words, only the government has the power to command (including by legislature) such an enormous resources to develop strategy which matches the demand and supply factors such as an evaluation of tourist and market resources; the visitor satisfaction; environmental protection and adequate rewards for developers and investors. In conclusion, the government plays an important role in the tourism industry. Government agencies have to provide legislations, regulations and controls for tourism in order to ensure its tourism industry can sustain its level and compete with other tourist destination. They have to establish a framework which ensures its tactical and strategic in the attractiveness within the tourist destination in order to increase the amount of tourist visitation. The protection of interest is another important factor of the destination area needed to be considered too. If the attractiveness of its destination decline, it will affect the numbers of tourists who are willing to visit. As a result, to maintain a stable attractive in tourist destination, a new destination may have to be explored or artificial attract resources may be needed. Government agencies have to be concerned with the acceptance in the society whether they welcome or in conflict with the tourist interests. Government agencies need to make a good balance between two important factors. The promotion on tourist destinations helps its national economic and attraction competitiveness around the world. Tourists who are attracted by the promotion will come to visit instead of other places, so that the national economics will increase. However, if the destination doesnt match with what the government agencies promote, the national reputation may decline. As a matter of fact, government agencies play an important role in the tourism industry as the planner, coordinator, legislator and regulator, stimulator, promoter and protector of the destination interest.

Gloria Naylors Mama Day Essay -- Gloria Naylor Mama Day Literature Es

Gloria Naylor's Mama Day Gloria Naylor's Mama Day takes place in two distinct environments, each characterized by the beliefs and ideologies of the people who inhabit the seemingly different worlds. The island of Willow Springs, comprised solely by the descendants of slaves, is set apart from the rest of the United States and is neither part of South Carolina nor Georgia. As such, its inhabitants are exempt from the laws of either state and are free to govern themselves as they see fit. Only a worn-out bridge built in 1920 connects the inhabitants to the mainland, but the people of Willow Springs are entirely self-sufficient. They believe in the ways of their African ancestors and respect the heritage of Sapphira Wade, the original "Mother" who convinced her master to deed the island to his slaves. They live in the present yet believe in the power of supernatural forces and herbal or root medicine. Mama Day, whose imposing presence in Willow Springs is felt by all of the inhabitants, best understands that he r world is founded upon the power of belief. Belief in that which may seem to defy all rational or logical sense. In New York, however, Cocoa finds herself amongst a group of people who seem distant and interested in only themselves. Stemming from many different backgrounds, the people of New York are always in a rush and "moving, moving, moving ---and to where?" (19). No one knows for sure. Just like the subways, racism in New York moved underground, and Cocoa experiences it as she desperately searches for a job. After having lived in New York for seven years, Cocoa still has not found a suitable mate. Only when she meets George does she start believing again in the goodness and sincerity possessed by some. George is t... ... that Ruby is the source of Cocoa's illness, and admits to Dr. Buzzard that he only believes in himself (292). When he finally visits the other place, he is appalled by Mama Day's "mumbo jumbo" but after seeing Cocoa's condition worsen, he eventually submits to her plan. His inability, however, to understand that a pair of empty hands are all that Mama Day needs costs him his life. George's inability to believe in that which he could not understand leads to his demise. Unfortunately, as Naylor reminds us, "Rational America" insists that everything should have a rational basis. As products of this rational society, we never accept things at face value because we constantly dig deeper in hopes of completely understanding that which may be eluding us. Sometimes, however, it is best to cast aside reason and accept things for what they are and what they represent.

Microsoft And Windows Competitors :: essays research papers

A lot of people today, mostly microsofties, argue that Microsoft should not be split up since it isn’t really a monopoly; Windows has a lot of competitors out there and some of the companies that make them are even bigger than Microsoft. And that is actually quite true: Microsoft has only about 6% of the global software market and only 3% of the global computer market overall. There are several computer companies that make more than Microsoft, like Sun Microsystems and Compaq and there are at least nine other operating systems besides Windows, some of which you could even get for free. After three decades of use, the UNIX computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world. Its popularity is due to many factors, including its ability to run a wide variety of machines, from micros to supercomputers, and its portability -- all of which led to its adoption by many manufacturers. The UNIX operating system was designed to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources. While initially meant for medium-sized computers, the system was soon moved to larger, more powerful mainframe computers. As personal computers grew in popularity, versions of UNIX found their way into these boxes, and a number of companies produce UNIX-based machines for the scientific and programming communities. A major contribution of the UNIX system was its portability, permitting it to move from one brand of computer to another with a minimum of code changes. At a time when different computer lines of the same vendor didn't talk to each other -- yet alone machines of multiple vendors -- that meant a great savings in both hardware and software upgrades. It also meant that the operating system could be upgraded without having all the customer's data inputted again. And new versions of UNIX were backward compatible with older versions, making it easier for companies to upgrade in an orderly manner. UNIX comes with hundreds of programs that can be divided into two classes: integral utilities that are absolutely necessary for the operation of the computer, such as the command interpreter, and tools that aren't necessary for the operation of UNIX but provide the user with additional capabilities, such as typesetting capabilities and e-mail; the tools can be added or removed from a UNIX system, depending upon the applications required. Microsoft And Windows Competitors :: essays research papers A lot of people today, mostly microsofties, argue that Microsoft should not be split up since it isn’t really a monopoly; Windows has a lot of competitors out there and some of the companies that make them are even bigger than Microsoft. And that is actually quite true: Microsoft has only about 6% of the global software market and only 3% of the global computer market overall. There are several computer companies that make more than Microsoft, like Sun Microsystems and Compaq and there are at least nine other operating systems besides Windows, some of which you could even get for free. After three decades of use, the UNIX computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world. Its popularity is due to many factors, including its ability to run a wide variety of machines, from micros to supercomputers, and its portability -- all of which led to its adoption by many manufacturers. The UNIX operating system was designed to let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time and share its resources. While initially meant for medium-sized computers, the system was soon moved to larger, more powerful mainframe computers. As personal computers grew in popularity, versions of UNIX found their way into these boxes, and a number of companies produce UNIX-based machines for the scientific and programming communities. A major contribution of the UNIX system was its portability, permitting it to move from one brand of computer to another with a minimum of code changes. At a time when different computer lines of the same vendor didn't talk to each other -- yet alone machines of multiple vendors -- that meant a great savings in both hardware and software upgrades. It also meant that the operating system could be upgraded without having all the customer's data inputted again. And new versions of UNIX were backward compatible with older versions, making it easier for companies to upgrade in an orderly manner. UNIX comes with hundreds of programs that can be divided into two classes: integral utilities that are absolutely necessary for the operation of the computer, such as the command interpreter, and tools that aren't necessary for the operation of UNIX but provide the user with additional capabilities, such as typesetting capabilities and e-mail; the tools can be added or removed from a UNIX system, depending upon the applications required.

Creative Brief Template (IMC Brief) Essay

1Marketing Objectives The brand’s marketing objectives such as share or volume goals, summary of market situation, key competitor activity, marketing issues and challenges. H&H’s successful brand image and channel development resulted in an over 60% market share in Taiwan and around 20%-70% of market share around the world. Marketing issues and challenges faces within the company and the brand darlie.For them to keep ahead in the ever-changing market, and continue its expansion plan, H&H-CP needed a complete channel strategy. Specifically, it wanted to, further increase the volume of purchase by the channels, and completely edge out competitors. The challenges face within the brand is the protray of racism to the black and religious commuity which H&H have been trying to change its packaging and its brand darkie to darlie. However until date, the logo of the toothpaste still exsist which cost a stir to the community and also the market as many people will boycott the product. Build a strong, technology-superior channel management system without disrupting the existing one. Their competitor includes, pearlie white, sensodyne, Kodomo and systema. These are the leading competitor that have been significant in the singapore market. 2Communication Objectives What the communication needs to accomplish (e.g. change awareness, attitude, opinion, consideration or perception, etc†¦ including quantitative measures, what consumers are expected to think, feel or do. The Hawley & Hazel Group is a reliable and trusted manufacturer of high quality oral care products, including the world-renowned Darlie brand of toothpastes and toothbrushes. Established in 1933, Hawley & Hazel has enjoyed a long history as one of the most respected and recognised oral care names in Asia. Darlie toothpastes and toothbrushes are a firm family favourite for generations of consumers across the region. It is our goal to give our consumers a healthy and sparkling white smile, enabling them to feel attractive and confident, wherever they are. The Hawley & Hazel Group’s commercial efforts have attained significant success, and Hawley & Hazel’s toothpaste products, sold under the Darlie brand, are a bestselling household name throughout the region. Today, Darlie toothpaste is one of the market leaders in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, synonymous with clean white teeth and a confident smile everywhere. 3Corporate and / or Brand Positioning Taken from the corportate and / or brand line brand positioning. Includes target market, frame of reference, and the single relevant differentiated benefit (â€Å"RDB† – key benefit). The target market of darlie are most people young and old in the asia region as the leader in oral health care bringing healthy teeth and fresh bright smiles to families and individuals. However due to the racism case they have stop all sales in the USA and some parts of the world as they might be sued or even boycott by the people which racism is highly regarded in the country. 4Brand Character The key phrases or terms which describe the personality the brand should consistently portray. They are dedicated to developing and manufacturing leading edge oral hygiene products that harness the latest technology and some of the most state-of-the-art ideas in the industry. It is our goal to give our consumers a healthy and sparkling white smile, enabling them to feel attractive and confident, wherever they are. Unique fresh-tasting Darlie is your trusted brand in oral health care. It stands for healthy, clean white teeth and a fresh mouth, keeping you attractive and confident wherever you are. 5Target Audience Profile Demographics, psychographics, lifestyle and behavioural description of the target audience (eg, first time buyers, cautious buyers, brand loyalty status etc), that leads to a key consumer insight, the single most important observation on how the target relates to the brand or category. The Demographics of targeted customer are situated in the asia pacific region as the darlie sales in U.S have sparkled debates over the brand for many years even though H&H have been trying to change the perception of the people regarding the brand. Age group will be people around the age of 11-50 as darlie has come out with flavours of fresh mint only which does not entice the young to use it and purchase it. The psychographic target audience will be customers that know chinese as H&H have been trying to change the name from darkie to darlie however the chinese name remain the the chinese populated countries where people are aware of the brand for years already. The change of name in chinese populated country will bring down sales as they have been accustom to it for many years. 6Main Message / Communications Focus The most important message that must be communicated, expressed in consumer language. Must be single minded and linked to the the single relevant differentiated benefit (RDB). During the early days of darlie, they only produce normal tooth paste with one or two flavours to meet the needs of asia communities that are just progressing within their country. Therefore there are not much variation in the benefits it have and they do not look into the different problem faced by people having other oral problems. Now they have shifted towards different tooth care that entice young adults to puchase example whitening product and also products that help with sensitive tooth. Many of the advertisment were taiwanese actors as 80 percent of Taiwanese used Darlie as their toothpaste. 7Support / Permissions to Believe Key attributes that support the communication focus, reasons why the target audience can believe RDB will be delivered. Can be rational (product claims, features, technologies etc) or emotional (reputation, heritage, historical equities). For what I can see most advertisement are made using asian stars, this shows that they are trying hard to communicate and focus on asian to buy their products. Thats the reason why I believe they have successfully targeted the audience within their regent. They also seperate their product according to different kinds ranging from sensitive tooth to whitening. Different product have different advertisment to communicate with the target audience which are interested in the various products. Their packaging have also help customer recognise their product easily as they are more vibrant and always glow and get notice by customers easily. 8Current Audience Attitudes / Perception / Behaviour Relevant attitudes, behaviours and perceptions that need to be changed or will filter the key message (Use substantiating research where possible). Many singaporeans have potrays and naturally refered as colgate to toothpaste. With this statement, this proves that colgate has a very successful marketing communication to the consumers in singapore. This will further hinder in the sales of other brands of toothpaste as consumer always will think of colgate first when buying toothpaste for their own use. Whereas for Darlie, the brand name has been there more many years, but they are popular in the asia regent as chinese customers have always name it as darkie 9Desired Target Audience Response What they should think, feel and act after exposure to the communication. The promotional mix along with the advertising must be changed to reflect a more positive image of the product brand. Sales promotions, advertising, public relations, and personal selling efforts must be pursued to recapture market share and growth in the future. A reactive strategy is not the solution however a more proactive approach should have been pursued by management. These types of issues must be pursued and anticipated to accommodate the needs of the consuming public. 10Communication Evaluation How will the audience response be measured or evaluated (Detail research process and timings if relevant)? Every actor that have come out for the advertisement for the darlie are respectable figures with nice white teeth which is able to convince individual into purchasing the product which have been for many years in the industry. Successful new products driving the share gains include Colgate Total Professional Clean, Colgate Max White, Colgate Sensitive Enamel Protect and Darlie Sensitive Gum Protection toothpastes which consist of 18% of market shares around asia as cited in (http://investor.colgate.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=380743&ReleaseType=Earnings) during year 2009. 11Executional Manditories Executional requirements, elements that should or should not be shown. Covers anchor line, copy and/or visual treatment, cultural issues, language, body styles, legal constraints, specific management concerns etc. The things darlie should look out for is to try to avoid or rather change the perception of the brand slowly as many people have protest on the name of darlie and slowly enter the market in the US and the UK so to enhance maximum profit and capability of the product. They should also stop using the word black man tooth paste in the all chinese advertisment, to avoid further complication with the law. 12Budget Creative, Media, Production etc. Detail inclusions and exclusions. Emphasise that concepts that cannot be produced within budget should not be presented.